肺部细菌感染性疾病微生物学诊断进展  

Recent Advances in Micrological Diagnosis of Pulmonary Bacterial Infectious Diseases

作　　者：张兆瑞[1] 李怀东 王丹[3] 陈良安[1] ZHANG Zhaorui;LI Huaidong;WANG Dan;CHEN Liang′an(Department of Respiration and Critical Care Medicine,the Eighth Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China;Department of Respiration and Critical Care Medicine,Tai′an Municipal Hospital,Tai′an 271000,China;Department of Respiration and Critical Care Medicine,the Second Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China)

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院第八医学中心呼吸与危重症医学部,北京100853 [2]泰安市立医院呼吸与危重症医学科,山东泰安271000 [3]解放军总医院第二医学中心呼吸与危重症医学部,北京100853

出　　处：《医学综述》2023年第22期5124-5128,共5页Medical Recapitulate

基　　金：基础加强计划重点基础研究项目(2021-JCJQ-ZD-077-12)。

摘　　要：肺部感染性疾病发病率居高不下,严重危害人类的健康。如何准确快速诊断是降低肺部感染性疾病死亡率的前提。目前传统的微生物学培养方法仍是肺部感染病原学诊断的基石,但耗时、耗力,准确性低。随着科学技术的发展,近年来出现了很多新的诊断方法,其中二代测序技术具有全面、快速、准确等特点,纳米孔测序技术不需要对核酸进行扩增即可进行实时分析,基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱技术通过病原微生物的质谱分析对病原微生物进行快速鉴定。这些诊断学方法是肺部感染性疾病诊断的未来研究方向。Pulmonary infectious diseases have high incidence,seriously harming the human health.How to make accurate and rapid diagnosis is the premise to reduce the mortality of infectious diseases in the lung.At present,traditional microbiological cultivation methods are still the cornerstone of pathogenic diagnosis of pulmonary infections,but they are time-consuming,labor-intensive,and have low accuracy.With the development of science and technology,many new diagnostic methods appeared in recent years,among which,the second-generation sequencing technology is characterized by comprehensive,fast and accurate process,nanopore sequencing technology does not require amplification of nucleic acids and allows for real-time analysis,matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry allows for the rapid identification of pathogenic microorganisms by mass spectrometry analysis of pathogenic microorganisms.These diagnostic methods are the future directions for the diagnosis of pulmonary infectious diseases.

关 键 词：肺部感染 微生物学 诊断 二代测序 纳米孔测序 基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱 

分 类 号：R563[医药卫生—呼吸系统] R446.5[医药卫生—内科学]