秸秆和菜籽饼组配制备基质块对水稻秧苗的氮素利用影响  

Effects of straw and rapeseed cake composite substrate blocks on nitrogen utilization of rice seedlings

作　　者：杜益涵 陈卓凡 沈岩 王秋君[2,4] 李廷亮 黄红英[2,4] 陈丹艳[3] Du Yihan;Chen Zhuofan;Shen Yan;Wang Qiujun;Li Tingliang;Huang Hongying;Chen Danyan(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 032699,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;College of Horticulture,Jinling Institute of Technology,Nanjing 210038,China;Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization(Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西晋中032699 [2]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014 [3]金陵科技学院园艺园林学院,江苏南京210038 [4]农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用(滨海盐碱地)重点实验室,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第6期80-88,共9页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金(CX(21)3072)。

摘　　要：[目的]本研究拟利用菜籽饼补充氮肥,探究在秸秆基质块的制备和育秧过程中氮素利用情况。[方法]在秸秆育秧基质块制备过程中添加4种不同比例菜籽饼(CK:100%秸秆、T1:5%菜籽饼+95%秸秆、T2:10%菜籽饼+90%秸秆、T3:15%菜籽饼+85%秸秆)并进行育秧,比较添加不同比例菜籽饼的秸秆基质块在成型及水稻育秧过程中氮素利用率的差异。[结果]T1、T2、T3的株高相对于CK分别提高了14.7%、17.1%和22.7%。T1、T3的茎粗和百株鲜重分别比CK提高了0.7%、4.8%和3.6%、17.0%;T3处理的基质块全氮、总碳、铵态氮含量均最高,总碳、铵态氮含量分别比CK提高了17.3%和84.4%。T1处理的硝态氮含量最高,显著高于CK处理,提高了89.7%。T3处理的秧苗全氮含量和氮素积累量最高,其中秧苗全氮含量显著高于CK处理,提高了17.2%。与CK处理相比,添加菜籽饼处理的氮损失量和氮损失率均有所降低,其中T3处理的氮损失量与氮损失率显著低于其它处理,分别比CK、T1和T2降低了24.6%和23.3%、6.1%和16.0%、7.0%和14.6%。[结论]在秸秆基质块制备过程中添加菜籽饼能显著降低秸秆基质块的氮素损失,且其所育秧苗的生物学性状更好。其中,添加15%菜籽饼的秸秆基质块所育秧苗的株高、茎粗等秧苗素质最佳,氮损失率也显著低于其它处理。[Objective]This study intended to use rapeseed cake to supplement nitrogen and explore the nitrogen utilization during the preparation of straw-based substrate blocks and the process of seedling cultivation.[Method]Four different proportions of rapeseed cakes were added during the preparation of straw-based seedling substrate blocks,including CK with 100%straw,T1 with 5%rapeseed cake+95%straw,T2 with 10%rapeseed cake+90%straw,and T3 with 15%rapeseed cake+85%straw.Seedlings were cultivated using these blocks,and the differences in nitrogen utilization during the formation and rice seedling cultivation process of straw-based blocks with different proportions of added rapeseed cake were compared.[Result]Compared to CK,the plant height of T1,T2,and T3 increased by 14.7%,17.1%,and 22.7%,respectively.Stem diameter and the fresh weight of 100 plants in T1 and T3 increased by 0.7%,4.8%and 3.6%,17.0%,respectively,compared to CK.T3 exhibited the highest total nitrogen content,total carbon content,and ammonium nitrogen content in the substrate blocks,showing a respective increase of 17.3%and 84.4%in total carbon and ammonium nitrogen content compared to CK.Nitrate nitrogen content was the highest in T1 treatment,significantly higher than that in CK,with an 89.7%increase.The total nitrogen content and nitrogen accumulation in seedlings were highest in T3,with the total nitrogen content significantly higher than CK,showing a 17.2%increase.Both the amount of nitrogen loss and nitrogen loss rate were reduced in treatments with added rapeseed cake compared to CK.Specifically,the nitrogen loss amount and nitrogen loss rate in T3 treatments were significantly lower than in other treatments,showing reductions of 24.6%and 23.3%compared to CK,6.1%and 16.0%compared to T1,and 7.0%and 14.6%compared to T2.[Conclusion]The addition of rapeseed cake during the preparation of straw-based substrate blocks significantly reduced the nitrogen loss and enhanced the biological characteristics of seedlings cultivated with the straw-based substrate

关 键 词：秸秆基质块 菜籽饼 育秧 氮利用率 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]