博施而济众的平民教育家:晏阳初和他的平教会同仁  

A Philanthropic Educator: Yan Yangchu and His Colleagues

作　　者：孙邦华[1] Sun Banghua(Faculty of Education of Beijing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部教育历史与文化研究院

出　　处：《教育史研究》2023年第3期62-68,73,共8页Educational History Studies

基　　金：2022年国际中文教育研究课题重大项目“百年变局下国际中文教育发展动态、趋势研究”(22YH01A);北京师范大学教育学一流学科培优项目“全国实现教育现代化‘中国道路’的历史研究”(YLXKPY-XSDW202203)。

摘　　要：1923年8月26日,中华平民教育促进会在北京成立,晏阳初被聘为总干事(后改为干事长),他亲自动员国内大学著名教授、社会名流、海外留学生加入。晏阳初认为“平民”代表了人格平等、教育机会平等,“平民教育”是“全民的”教育、“超然的”教育。他力倡“除文盲,作新民”,通过“四大教育”把平民造就成知识力、生产力、强健力、团结力健全的国民。晏阳初平民教育事业具有鲜明的实践性。中华平民教育促进会成立伊始,就在全国各城镇积极开展面向市民、妇女、士兵的识字教育活动。1929年创建定县实验区,以县为单位的社会实验室,进行了彻底、集中的乡村平民教育的研究和实验,试图为整个中国乡村平民教育和乡村建设探索出可资借鉴的经验、方案。全面抗战时期,平民教育转移到华中、华西地区,创建新的实验区。诚然,平民教育实验本身存在一些问题,传说中的圣人“尧舜其犹病诸”,现实中的平民教育何其难也!On August 26th,1923,Chinese Mass Education Promotion Association was founded in Beijing with Yan Yangchu as the director-general.Yan mobilized famous professors,celebrities and overseas students to join the association.He believed that“mass”represented equality of personalities and education opportunities,and that mass education was universal and transcendental.Yan’s mass education program focused on practice.At the beginning,the association and its branches carried out literacy education activities in towns and cities for citizens,women,and soldiers,and in 1929 the Ding County Experimental District was established to conduct thorough and intensive research and experiments on mass education in counties through social laboratories,in an attempt to explore experiences and programs for rural mass education and rural construction.During wartime,mass education was moved to central and western China to establish new experimental areas.However,there were still some problems in the experiments of mass education.

关 键 词：中华平民教育促进会 晏阳初 平民教育 新民 

分 类 号：G519[文化科学—教育学]