论民国高校入学考试的指挥棒效应  

On the Baton Effect of College Entrance Examination in the Republic of China

作　　者：韦骅峰 Wei Huafeng(College of Education of Zhejiang University)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学教育学院

出　　处：《教育史研究》2023年第3期82-92,共11页Educational History Studies

基　　金：2020年度教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“高校考试招生改革引导学生德智体美劳全面发展研究”(20JZD050)。

摘　　要：作为当前我国教育评价改革面临的主要问题之一,高校入学考试的指挥棒效应在民国时期就曾出现,具体表现在高中教学管理、学生学习生活和高校招生录取等多方面。相较于当下的高考制度,民国时期高校入学考试指挥棒效应并不明显。其原因在于民国时期高校入学考试覆盖范围不广、考试制度变化频繁、满足应考资格的学生不多,致使考试指挥棒效应的影响力有限。高校入学考试竞争性较弱、利害性不高,致使考试指挥棒效应的显著性和强制性不足,削弱了考试指挥棒的影响。为破除教育评价中的不良导向,应从考试指挥棒效应入手,淡化教育全局中的应试导向;实施综合评价,促进学生德智体美劳全面发展;探索多元录取,拓宽高校的入学途径。As a main problem in current educational evaluation reform,the baton effect of college entrance examination appeared in the Republic of China,embodied in many aspects such as high school teaching management,students’study and life,and college admissions.Compared with current college entrance examination,the baton effect back then was not obvious and influential because of narrow coverage of college entrance examination,frequent examination system change and shortage of qualified students.Low competitiveness and less profitable features made the baton effect less obvious and mandatory.In order to get rid of the bad orientation in educational evaluation,we should start with the baton effect and dilute examination orientation,implement comprehensive evaluation to promote the all-round development of students,and explore multiple admissions and broaden the access to universities.

关 键 词：民国时期 高校入学考试 指挥棒效应 

分 类 号：G529[文化科学—教育学]