儿童节目的教育性——美国儿童电视政策与教育节目纷争史  

Educational Nature of Children’s Television Program:Dispute Between American Children’s Television Policy and Educational Program

作　　者：王慧敏 Wang Huimin(School of Education Science of Nanjing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教育科学学院

出　　处：《教育史研究》2023年第4期118-128,共11页Educational History Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“社会转型与知识变迁:美国中等教育课程改革研究”(22YJC880086)。

摘　　要：从电视进入美国千家万户以来,关于儿童与电视关系的讨论就从未停止,人们很难就儿童节目的教育性达成共识。在早期,家长、教育者与社会团体首先从儿童节目中广告与暴力泛滥问题入手,思考其应有的正向教育作用,此后兴起的《芝麻街》等节目成为儿童电视教育性典范。但美国更广泛的儿童电视政策制定往往陷入市场逻辑、公共利益以及与政府管控限度的博弈,直到1990年才出台《儿童电视法案》。该法作为各方利益妥协的产物,仍未在儿童节目教育性上提供有意义的政策参考。这半个世纪美国社会有关儿童电视的纷争,本质上体现了商业利益与公共利益的冲突。The discussion on the relationship between children and television has never stopped since television became ubiquitous in the United States,and it was difficult to reach consensus on the educational nature of children’s television program.In early days,parents,educators and social groups started with the problem of advertising and violence in the program and thought about its positive educational role.Later,programs such as Sesame Street became a model.However,related policymaking often fell into the game of market,public interest and government control.It was not until 1990 that the Children’s Television Act was promulgated.As a product of compromise of interests,it still couldn’t provide meaningful reference for educational nature.The half-century dispute reflects the conflict between commercial and public interests.

关 键 词：儿童电视政策 儿童教育节目 公共利益 美国儿童 

分 类 号：G519[文化科学—教育学]