清代蒙古文史著对“传国玉玺”的书写  

The Historical Writing of the "Jade Seal of Ligdan Khan" in Qing Dynasty Mongolian Histories

作　　者：惠男 Hui Nan

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系,北京100871

出　　处：《历史研究》2023年第5期86-104,M0005,共20页Historical Research

摘　　要：皇太极所获林丹汗“传国玉玺”,对蒙古人而言具有政权更迭的象征意义。清代满蒙文档案,以及《蒙古源流》《金轮千辐》《水晶鉴》等十余部成书于17—19世纪的蒙古文史著中有关皇太极获玺事件的记述表明,在清廷无意以“传国玉玺”促成蒙古诸部承认其统治合法性的前提下,清代不同时期的蒙古文人对“传国玉玺”史事的书写呈现出较大差异。清初蒙古文人集体回避了与“传国玉玺”有关的话题;而随着对清朝文化和政治认同的增强,清中后期的蒙古文人则逐渐站在清朝的立场讲述“传国玉玺”故事,并基于个体经验差异,对玉玺来历、性质以及皇太极获得玉玺的过程等进行了多样化诠释。Huang Taiji's acquisition of the "Jade Seal of Ligdan Khan" was symbolic of regime change for the Mongols.Accounts of this incident are given in Qing Dynasty Manchu and Mongolian archives,in addition to more than a dozen Mongolian historical texts from the 17th-19th centuries,such as the Erdeni-yin tobci,Bolor erike,Altan erike,Erdeni-yin erike and Bolor toli.Under the background of the fact that the Qing court had no intention of using the Jade Seal to induce the Mongol tribes to recognize the legitimacy of its rulership,records by Mongolian writers in different Qing Dynasty periods differ greatly.Early Qing Mongolian writers collectively avoided the topic in discussion,but as their cultural and political identity in the Qing dynasty developed,they gradually began to record the story of the Jade Seal from a perspective favorable to the Qing dynasty,and based upon their various individual experiences,offering diverse interpretations of the Jade Seal's origin,nature,and reception by Huang Taiji.

关 键 词：“传国玉玺” 蒙古诸部 林丹汗 历史书写 政治认同 

分 类 号：K249.1[历史地理—历史学]