集体化时期郑州花园口地区“引黄”农田水利建设探析  

Analysis of Agricultural Water Conservancy Construction Related to the Yellow River Diversion Project in Huayuankou Area of Zhengzhou during the Collectivization Period

作　　者：申志锋 田雅阁 Shen Zhifeng;Tian Yage

机构地区：[1]郑州大学历史学院,河南郑州450066

出　　处：《鄱阳湖学刊》2023年第6期91-102,127,共13页Journal of Poyang Lake

基　　金：河南省哲学社会科学规划年度青年项目“近代以来豫省黄河下游沿线土地生态变迁的文献整理与研究(1855—1987)”(2022CLS020);郑州中华之源与嵩山文明研究会第八批课题青年项目“明清以来郑州黄河沿线地区土地生态变迁与民众生计适应研究(1578—1965)”(Q2022-4);第69批中国博士后科学基金面上项目“明清以来黄河下游豫鲁交界地区沙碱地景观变迁与生计研究(1578—1987)”(2021M692922)。

摘　　要：自1938年花园口事件后,河南省郑州市花园口地区土地沙碱化严重,农业产值低下,民众一直深受黄河决口带来的影响困扰。新中国成立后,党和国家高度重视黄河治理工作,在集体化时期,尤其在1957—1960年展开了大规模的与“引黄”相关的农田水利建设运动,堤坝、水库得以修建,盐碱化土壤得到改良,更重要的是区域农作生态得到改善,出现了稻作生产。“大跃进”时期受极“左”思潮的影响,全民“大办水利”之风盛行,花园口地区“引黄”农田水利建设出现如次生盐碱化等诸多问题,幸而错误得到及时拨正。通过完善排水设施,花园口地区“引黄”农田水利建设工程得以发挥其巨大潜力,至今仍成效显著。Since the Huayuankou Incident in 1938, people in the Huayuankou area of Zhengzhou City, Henan Province had long been deeply afflicted by the Yellow River breach which caused severe land desertification and alkalization and low agricultural output value. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Party and the state attached great importance to the governance of the Yellow River. During the period of collectivization, especially from 1957 to 1960, a large-scale agricultural water conservancy construction movement related to the Yellow River Diversion Project was launched, embankments and reservoirs were constructed, and saline alkali soil was improved. More importantly, the regional agricultural ecology was improved and rice production began to appear. However, under the influence of the ultra-left trend of thought during the “Great Leap Forward” period, the national enthusiasm of “large-scale water conservancy construction” was prevalent, and many problems such as secondary salinization occurred in agricultural water conservancy construction movement related to the Yellow River Diversion Project in Huayuankou. Fortunately, the mistake was corrected in time, and with improved drainage facilities, the construction project was able to unleash its enormous potential. Even to this day, it still proves to be a notable success.

关 键 词：集体化时期 郑州花园口地区 引黄淤灌 农田水利建设 

分 类 号：F323.213[经济管理—产业经济]