不同时期追氮量和比例对糯高粱“红缨子”产量、氮积累、转运以及氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application proportion at different stages on yield and nitrogen use characteristics of waxy sorghum

作　　者：李青风[1] 高杰[1] 彭秋[1] 汪灿[1] 周棱波[1] 张国兵[1] 赵强 张春兰 邵明波[1] 罗奎 张跃 汪家远 LI Qing-feng;GAO Jie;PENG Qiu;WANG Can;ZHOU Ling-bo;ZHANG Guo-bing;ZHAO Qiang;ZHANG Chun-lan;SHAO Ming-bo;LUO Kui;ZHANG Yue;WANG Jia-yuan(Guizhou Institute of Upland Crops/Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang Guizhou 550006;Taiping Yi and Miao Township People’s Government of Jinsha County,Jinsha Guizhou 551800)

机构地区：[1]贵州省旱粮研究所/贵州省农业科学院,贵州贵阳550006 [2]贵州省金沙县太平彝族苗族乡人民政府,贵州金沙551800

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第9期105-110,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划(黔科合支撑[2020]1Y053号,[2020]1Y122号);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-06-14.5-B26);贵州省人才基地建设项目(编号:RCJD2018-14)。

摘　　要：通过田间试验研究了氮肥不同生育期追施比例(拔节期—抽穗期—开花后10 d:0—0—0为T1;100—0—0为T2;40—60—0为T3;30—50—20为T4;20—50—30为T5;20—40—40为T6,即6个处理)对糯高粱的产量、氮积累、转运以及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,追施氮肥可显著提高糯高粱的干物质积累总量、氮素积累总量、籽粒氮积累量和产量。不同追肥时期和比例组合之间相比,两年的T4干物质积累总量、氮素总量和籽粒氮积累量均最大,与T3之间差异不显著,显著高于T2、T5和T6;两年的T4产量最大,与T3、T5之间差异不显著,显著高于T2和T6;不同处理间糯高粱的穗长和千粒重没有显著差异,2017年T4的穗粒数显著高于T1,2018年显著高于T1、T2和T3。2017年T4的穗粒重显著高于T1、T2和T6;2018年显著高于除T5之外的其他处理。T4的氮素农艺效率、氮肥利用率、氮肥偏生产力、氮素表观回收率、氮肥农学利用率及增收均高于其它处理。综上所述,以T4方式合理追施氮肥,促进了糯高粱生长、增加了氮肥利用率、穗粒数、穗粒重和最终产量,提高了经济效益,是高粱最佳的氮肥施肥方式。In this study,six different nitrogen application proportions of topdressing at different growth stages(jointing stages-heading stage-10 days after flowering)were set up in field conditions:0-0-0(T1),100-0-0(T2),40-60-0(T3),30-50-20(T4),20-50-30(T5),20-40-40(T6),and their effects on yield,nitrogen accumulation,transport and nitrogen use efficiency of waxy sorghum were studied.The results showed that topdressing nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the total dry matter accumulation,total nitrogen accumulation,grain nitrogen accumulation and yield of waxy sorghum.Compared with different nitrogen topdressing periods and proportion combinations,total dry matter accumulation,total nitrogen accumulation and grain nitrogen accumulation of T4 in two years were the highest,and there was no significant difference between T4 and T3,but significantly higher than those of T2,T5 and T6.The yield of T4 in two years was the highest,which was not significantly different from T3 and T5,but significantly higher than those of T2 and T6.There was no significant difference in spike length and 1000-grain weight.The grain number per spike of T4 in 2017 was significantly higher than that of T1.In 2018,it was significantly higher than those of T1,T2 and T3.In 2017,the grain weight per spike of T4 was significantly higher than those of T1,T2 and T6.In 2018,it was significantly higher than other treatments except T5.The nitrogen agronomic efficiency,nitrogen utilization rate,nitrogen partial productivity,nitrogen apparent recovery rate,nitrogen agronomic utilization rate and income increase of T4 were higher than those of other treatments.In conclusion,the rational topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer with T4 promoted the growth of waxy sorghum,increased nitrogen utilization rate,and then increased grain number per spike,grain weight per spike and final yield,and improved economic benefits,it was the best nitrogen fertilizer application method for waxy sorghum.

关 键 词：糯高粱 产量 氮素利用率 氮素积累总量 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学]