全营养滴灌施肥对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄光合生理特征及产量与品质的影响  

Effects of full-nutrient fertigation on photosynthetic physiological characteristics,yield and quality of wine grapes at the eastern foot of Helan Mountains in Ningxia

作　　者：徐瑾瑜 雷金银[2,3] 雷晓婷 祁焕军 周丽娜 孙权[1] XU Jin-yu;LEI Jin-yin;LEI Xiao-ting;QI Huan-jun;ZHOU Li-na;SUN Quan(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan Ningxia 750021;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry,Yinchuan Ningxia 750002;National Agricultural Environment Observation and Experiment Station,Yinchuan Ningxia 750100)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川750002 [3]国家农业环境银川观测实验站,宁夏银川750100

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第9期143-149,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范项目(NGSB-2021-4);宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金(2022AAC03456);农业基础性长期性科技工作观测监测(NAES091AE18)。

摘　　要：为探讨全营养滴灌施肥对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄光合生理及产量、品质的影响,提出产质协同的营养调控技术。于2019—2021年采用单因素随机区组设计,设置常规施肥(CK)、CK+Si(T_(1))、CK+Ca(T_(2))、CK+Si+Ca(T_(3))、CK+复合微肥(T_(4))、CK+全营养肥(T_(5))6个处理,研究中微量元素复配对酿酒葡萄光合特性、产量及其组成、品质等的影响。结果表明:与CK处理相比,T_(1)可显著提高酿酒葡萄叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和叶绿素SPAD值,且分别提高了18.53%、13.63%和5.93%;配施中、微量元素均能提高酿酒葡萄的产量指标,且多元复配效果优于单元配施。T_(5)处理较CK处理相比,酿酒葡萄粒径、单果重、单穗长分别增加了6.26%、19.13%、51.56%;T_(3)处理下酿酒葡萄产量最高,为5576.35 kg/hm2;较CK处理相比,T_(3)处理下酿酒葡萄可溶性固形物含量最大,为28.94%;T_(5)处理可滴定酸的含量最低,为0.53%;T_(2)处理能显著提高酿酒葡萄总酚及单宁的含量,较CK处理相比分别增加14.70%、55.68%。综上所述,全营养滴灌施肥能够显著促进贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄光合生理,实现产量、品质的协同提高。In order to explore the effects of full-nutrient fertigation on the photosynthetic physiology,yield and quality of wine grapes at the eastern foot of Helan Mountains in Ningxia,and propose a synergistic nutritional regulation technology for Ningxia,a single-factor randomized block design was adopted to conduct fertigation experiments from 2019 to 2021 with 6 treatments,including conventional fertilization(CK),CK+Si(T_(1)),CK+Ca(T_(2)),CK+Si+Ca(T_(3)),CK+compound micro-fertilizer(T_(4)),CK+full nutrient fertilizer(T_(5))to study the effects of microelement complex on the photosynthetic characteristics,yield and composition,quality of wine grapes.The results showed that,compared with the CK treatment,T_(1)significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and chlorophyll SPAD value of wine grape leaves by 18.53%,13.63%and 5.93%,respectively.The microelement complex increased the yield index of wine grapes,and the effect of multiple microelement complex were better than that of single microelement complex application.Compared with the CK treatment,the grain size,single fruit weight and single ear length of wine grapes increased by 6.26%,19.13%and 51.56%in T_(5)treatment,respectively.The yield of wine grapes under T_(3)treatment was the highest at 5576.35 kg/hm2.The soluble solid content of wine grapes was also the highest under the T_(3)treatment,which was 28.94%.The content of titratable acid was the lowest under T_(5)treatment,which was 0.53%.The total phenol and tannin acid increased by 14.70%and 55.68%under T_(2)respectively.In conclusion,full-nutrient fertigation can significantly promote the photosynthetic physiology of wine grapes at the eastern foot of Helan Mountains,and achieve a synergistic improvement in yield and quality.

关 键 词：宁夏贺兰山 酿酒葡萄 中、微量元素 产质协同 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]