包菜废弃物好氧堆肥初始条件研究  

Study on aerobic composting of cabbage waste under different initial conditions

作　　者：童善坤 李方敏[1] 夏贤格 唐芷馨 陈云峰[2,3] TONG Shan-kun;LI Fang-min;XIA Xian-ge;TANG Zhi-xin;CHEN Yun-feng(College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,Yangtze University,Jinzhou Hubei 434023;Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan Hubei 430064;Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan Hubei 430064;College of Letter and Science,University of California at Davis,Davis California 95616)

机构地区：[1]长江大学化学与环境工程学院,湖北荆州434023 [2]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,湖北武汉430064 [3]农业农村部废弃物肥料化利用重点实验室,湖北武汉430064 [4]College of Letter and Science,University of California at Davis,California Davis 95616

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第9期175-180,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：湖北省农业科学院领军人才项目(L2018014);湖北省农业科学院植保土肥所青年科学基金(2021ZTQJ02);国家自然科学基金(31870501,32271728)。

摘　　要：为建立适宜叶类蔬菜废弃物的快速好氧堆肥工艺,以包菜废弃物为主要堆肥原料,探索包菜废弃物直接堆肥或添加少量辅料情况下堆肥的可能性,以及叶菜废弃物细碎程度对堆肥效果的影响,共设置两个试验。试验一,调节包菜废弃物和秸秆粉混合物料初始含水量分别至70%、65%、60%、55%、50%,结果表明,当含水量低于70%时,混合物料外观以秸秆粉的黄褐色为主,且含水量在最优状态时(50%~60%),碳氮比难以在理想状态(20~40)。试验二,以不粉碎、不添加秸秆的包菜废弃物堆肥为对照,设置不粉碎、粗粉碎、细粉碎3个处理(均添加5%秸秆),测定堆肥温度、pH、有机质、养分、种子发芽指数和电导率。结果表明,包菜废弃物直接堆肥能完成整个堆肥过程;相较于对照,添加秸秆粉显著提升了堆肥温度、pH、有机质及种子发芽指数,降低了养分含量和电导率;粉碎程度对有机质、养分、种子发芽指数、电导率没有显著影响。因此,高含水量的包菜废弃物在不脱水、不粉碎的情况下,添加少量秸秆即可取得较好的堆肥效果。In order to establish a rapid aerobic composting process suitable for leafy vegetable waste,cabbage waste was used as the main composting material,the possibility of composting with cabbage waste directly or with a small amount of auxiliary materials was explored,and the effect of the fineness of leafy vegetable waste on the composting was studied.Two experiments were set up.In the first experiment,the initial moisture of mixture of cabbage waste and straws were adjusted to 70%,65%,60%,55%and 50%,respectively.The results showed the color of mixed materials appeared mostly as the yellowish-brown from the straw powders when the moisture was lower than 70%.In addition,the carbon-nitrogen ratio was difficult to be in the ideal range(20~40)when the water content was in the optimal range of 50%-60%.In the second experiment,four treatments were set up,including non-grinding cabbages waste+straw powders(NS),coarse grinding cabbage waste+straw powders(CS),and fine grinding cabbage waste+straw powders(FS),and composting of nongrinding cabbage waste without straw powders as control.Compost temperature,pH,organic matter(OM),nutrients,seed germination index(GI)and electrical conductivity(EC)were measured.The results showed that the cabbage waste of the control could be composted,and the temperature,pH,OM,GI were significant higher in the NS treatment than those in the control,but the nutrient and EC were significant lower in the NS treatment than those in the control.The effects of grinding degree on OM,nutrient,GI and EC were not significant.In conclusion,good composting effects can be achieved using cabbage waste with high water content by adding a small amount of straw without dehydration and crushing.

关 键 词：蔬菜废弃物 好氧堆肥 包菜 初始条件 种子发芽指数 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]