基于权变理论的重大呼吸道传染病护理人力调配策略研究  

Nursing Manpower Allocation Strategy for Major Respiratory Infectious Diseases Based on Contingency Theory

作　　者：骆金铠[1] 孙萌[1] 张杰[1] 毛文平 LUO Jinkai;SUN Meng;ZHANG Jie(Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing,100050,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院,北京100050

出　　处：《中国卫生质量管理》2023年第11期55-59,68,共6页Chinese Health Quality Management

基　　金：北京市卫生健康委高层次公共卫生技术人才建设项目(编号:2022-3-001);首都卫生发展科研专项(编号:首发2022-2G-20214)。

摘　　要：目的探讨大型综合医院应对突发重大呼吸道传染病的护理人力调配策略。方法基于权变理论的外部情境分析传染病事件发展进程的权变因素,综合内部情境中不同岗位对护理人力需求的权变因素,将护理人力按照个人能力分为0~IV级,按照专业匹配程度分为低、中、高三级,结合个人能力与专业匹配程度对护理人力标签化,建立适用于外部情境变化及内部岗位需求的人力适配策略。结果建立情境-岗位-人力适配策略,分析支援不同岗位的护理人力分布存在较大差异。0级护士支援门诊预检分诊占比(83.20%)最高,I级护士支援核酸采集门诊占比(45.80%)较高,II级护士支援发热门诊/隔离病房占比(80.63%)最高,IV级护士支援外派医疗队占比(10.30%)较高。门诊预检分诊、核酸采集门诊、发热门诊/隔离病房、外派医疗队的支援人员中,占比最大的均为中匹配专业。结论权变理论指导下的情境-岗位-人力适配策略,可以指导突发重大呼吸道传染病期间护理人力科学调配,实现护理人力资源的精准分配。Objective To explore nursing manpower allocation strategy for large general hospitals in response to major respiratory infectious diseases.Methods Based on the contingency theory of external scenario analysis,the contingency factors of the development process of infectious disease events were analyzed.With synthesis of contingency factors in different positions'demand for nursing manpower in internal scenarios,nursing manpower was divided into levels 0 to IV based on individual abilities,and into three levels:low,medium,and high according to the degree of professional matching.A human resource adaptation strategy was established that was suitable for external situational changes and internal positions'demands by labeling nursing manpower based on individual abilities and professional matching.Results The scenario-job-manpower adaptation strategy was established,and the differences in the distribution of nursing manpower supporting different positions were analyzed.The proportion of pre-test triage supported by level 0 nurses was the highest(83.20%),the proportion of nucleic acid collection supported by level I nurses was the highest(45.80%),the proportion of fever clinic/isolation ward supported by level II nurses was the highest(80.63%),and the proportion of dispatched medical teams supported by level IV nurses was the highest(10.30%).The support staff in the outpatient pre-test triage,nucleic acid collection clinic,fever clinic/isolation ward,and dispatched medical teams accounted for the largest proportion of the medium matching professional.Conclusion The scenario-job-manpower adaptation strategy under the guidance of contingency theory can guide the scientific allocation of nursing manpower during sudden outbreak of major respiratory infectious diseases,and realize the accurate allocation of nursing human resources.

关 键 词：重大呼吸道传染病 护士人力 人力调配 权变理论 

分 类 号：R197.323[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R47[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]