开采沉陷中GPS高程拟合代替四等水准测量方法研究  

Study on GPS Elevation Fitting Method Replacing Fourth-order Leveling Survey in Mining Subsidence

作　　者：张晓东 ZHANG Xiaodong(Sanyuan Fuda Coal Industry Co.,Ltd.,Changzhi 046000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西三元福达煤业有限公司,山西长治046000

出　　处：《山西煤炭》2023年第4期103-108,共6页Shanxi Coal

摘　　要：根据《煤矿测量规程》,地表移动观测站的高程观测精度应达到四等水准,GPS代替四等水准主要存在高程异常拟合和高程观测精度低两个问题。针X对高程异常拟合问题,本文在分析山区观测线上高程异常分布规律的基础上,提出了基于地形拐点的高程异常拟合方法,通过对比三次样条和多项式拟合方式,确定三次样条方法更适合山区观测线上高程异常拟合;针对单点观测数据少、高程精度低等问题,提出了基于下沉曲线的下沉剖面函数-EMD的GPS数据处理方法。通过对比探讨其与EMD、小波变换方法的处理精度,结果表明,采用下沉剖面函数-EMD法中误差仅为8 mm,达到了四等水准的精度要求。上述方法可为类似山区开采沉陷的工程应用提供借鉴。According to the Coal Mine Surveying Code,the elevation observation accuracy of the surface mobile observatory should reach the fourth-order level.Replacing the fourth-order level with GPS has two problems:fitting elevation anomaly and low accuracy of elevation observation.For the fitting elevation anomaly,this paper proposed an elevation anomaly fitting method based on topographic inflection points on analysis of the distribution of the elevation anomalies on mountain survey lines.The comparison of cubic spline and polynomial fitting methods showed that the former was more suitable for fitting elevation anomalies on mountain observation lines.For the fewer single-point observation data and low elevation accuracy,this paper put forward a GPS data processing method based on the subsidence profile function-EMD(empirical mode decomposition)method of the subsidence curves;and then,it compared its processing accuracy with EMD and wavelet transform methods.The results showed that the error in the subsidence profile function-EMD method was only 8 mm,which could meet the accuracy requirement of the fourth-order level.The above methods could provide a reference for the engineering application in similar mining subsidence in mountains.

关 键 词：高程异常 小波变换 经验模态分解 下沉剖面函数 

分 类 号：TD172[矿业工程—矿山地质测量]