紧急救治权的适用困境与纾解进路研究  

Research on the Application Dilemmas and Resolutions of the Right to Emergency Treatment

作　　者：李荣[1] 李佳瑞 LI Rong;LI Jiarui(Academy of Global Governance and Area Studies,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610068,China;Law School,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610068,China)

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学全球治理与区域国别研究院,成都610068 [2]四川师范大学法学院,成都610068

出　　处：《成都理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期77-88,共12页Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Social Sciences

基　　金：四川省区域和国别重点研究基地日本研究中心项目(2021ryw006)。

摘　　要：《中华人民共和国民法典》第1220条首次明确了紧急救治权的触发条件,为司法审查患者知情同意权保护条件下医方救治侵权责任提供了制度支撑,但仍存在紧急救治权的主体存有争议、紧急情况界定模糊、不能取得患者或者近亲属意见界定不明、紧急救治权的责任规则未明确等适用困境,导致紧急救治权的立法目的难以实现。比例原则的引入可以为紧急救治权的适用开辟一条新的路径,将“三阶说”作为审查工具,按照“适当性-必要性-均衡性”的顺序对医方紧急救治行为进行审查,以此判定医方救治行为是否具备正当性、是否需要承担民事责任。Article 1220 of the“Civil Code”for the first time clarifies the triggering conditions for the right to emergency treatment,providing institutional support for the judicial review of the patient's right to informed consent under the protection conditions of medical treatment liability.However,there still exist application dilemmas like disputes over the subject of the right to emergency treatment,vague definitions of emergency situations,unclear definitions when the opinions of patients or close relatives cannot be obtained,and the responsibility rules for the right to emergency treatment are not specified,making it difficult to achieve the legislative purpose of the right to emergency treatment.The introduction of the principle of proportionality can open a new path for the application of the right to emergency treatment.Using the“three-stage theory”as a review tool,and following the order of“appropriateness-necessity-balance”to review the emergency treatment actions of the medical party,it can be determined whether the treatment actions are justified and whether civil liability needs to be assumed.

关 键 词：紧急救治权 知情同意 比例原则 民事责任 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]