电动装载机双阀芯电液负载敏感系统特性研究  

Characteristics of electro-hydraulic load sensing system of electric loader with double spool

作　　者：余聪 闫桂山 张宇航 艾超[1] 李艳文[1] 陈文婷[1] YU Cong;YAN Guishan;ZHANG Yuhang;AI Chao;LI Yanwen;CHEN Wenting(School of Mechanical Engineering,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao 066004,China;School of Intelligent Engineering,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]燕山大学机械工程学院,河北秦皇岛066004 [2]中山大学智能工程学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《机电工程》2023年第12期2001-2010,共10页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52275066);河北省高等学校科学技术研究重点项目(ZD2021340);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金资助项目(2021D01A63)。

摘　　要：针对装载机传统定量液压系统节流溢流损耗严重、系统流量易受负载扰动和动臂铲斗不能复合动作等问题,提出了一种双阀芯电液负载敏感系统,并设计了不同工作模式下的控制策略,对电液负载敏感系统的特性进行了研究。首先,对比阐述了装载机传统定量系统和双阀芯电液负载敏感系统的构型及原理;然后,从理论上分析了双阀芯电液负载敏感系统的工作和能耗特性,并分别制定了动臂铲斗在阻抗伸出和超越缩回工况下单独动作和复合动作的控制策略;最后,利用AMESim和LMS Virtual.Lab Motion软件搭建了机电液联合仿真模型,并对双阀芯电液负载敏感系统在装载机上的运行特性与节能特性进行了仿真研究。研究结果表明:双阀芯电液负载敏感系统可根据不同负载工况实现工作模式的切换,执行机构的流量仅与电液比例阀开度有关,而不受负载变化的影响,操控性能大大提升;且在一个工作循环内,相较于传统定量液压系统,该系统的能耗降低约71.8%。仿真结果表明该系统提高了装载机作业的平稳性和效率。Aiming at the serious throttling and overflow loss of the traditional quantitative hydraulic system of the loader,the susceptible load disturbance of the system flow,and the inability of the boom bucket to compound the action,a dual-spool electro-hydraulic load sensing system was proposed on the electric loader and the control strategy in different working modes was designed.The characteristics of the electro-hydraulic load sensing system were studied.Firstly,the working principle of the traditional quantitative hydraulic system of the loader and the electro-hydraulic load sensing system of the double spool were compared.Secondly,the working characteristics and energy consumption characteristics of the dual-spool electro-hydraulic load sensing system were analyzed theoretically,and the control strategies of the individual action and compound action of the boom bucket under the condition of impedance extension and beyond retraction were formulated.Finally,the electromechanical and hydraulic co-simulation model was built by AMESim and LMS Virtual.Lab Motion software,and the operating characteristics and energy-saving characteristics of the dual-spool electro-hydraulic load sensing system on the loader were simulated and analyzed.The results show that the double spool electro-hydraulic load sensitive system can realize the switching of working mode according to different load conditions,and the flow rate of the actuator can be only related to the electro-hydraulic proportional valve opening in separate action and compound action,which is not affected by load changes,and the control performance is greatly improved;in one working cycle,the energy consumption of the double spool electro-hydraulic load sensitive system is reduced by about 71.8%compared with the traditional quantitative hydraulic system.The simulation results show that the proposed system improves the smoothness and efficiency of the loader operation.

关 键 词：轮式装载机 液压系统 进出口独立控制 变转矩控制 负载敏感系统 节能特性 

分 类 号：TH243[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH137