蔡元培与北京大学的德育困局  

The Predicament of Moral Education of Cai Yuanpei and Peking University

作　　者：朱鲜峰 ZHU Xianfeng

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学教育科学学院,湖南长沙410081 [2]湖南师范大学乡村教育研究中心,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《高教发展与评估》2023年第6期101-110,I0007,共11页Higher Education Development and Evaluation

基　　金：湖南省教育科学“十三五”规划青年专项课题“民国时期中国大学德育课程演变研究”(XJK18QLL001)。

摘　　要：蔡元培执掌北京大学期间在德育方面作了积极的探索,同时也面临诸多困难。其一是德育的地位发生动摇。蔡元培对德国古典大学观作了本土转化,在强调学术研究的同时亦重视道德教育,但在实际办学中,德育的地位受到学术的冲击。其二是私德的培育遭遇困境。蔡元培试图通过进德会培养学生的私德,然而未能取得预期的成效。其三是公德的培养面临挑战。蔡元培认为,公德主要体现为对团体与社会利益的关心,在办学中尝试引导学生将“爱国”落实为“爱民”,并注重培养学生爱校的自觉。受内外部因素的影响,相关举措成效并不显著。蔡元培与北京大学的德育困局既体现出移植国外大学制度时的调适与冲突,也反映了一位教育家与黑暗政治现实和旧习惯性抗争的勇气与无奈。Cai Yuanpei made active attempts in moral education when he was in charge of Peking Universi⁃ty.Meanwhile,he also faced many difficulties.Firstly,the position of moral education was shaken.Cai Yuanpei made a local transformation of the idea of German classical universities.On the one hand,he emphasized aca⁃demic research.On the other hand,he attached great importance to moral education.However,the position of moral education was impacted by academics in university running.Secondly,the cultivation of personal morals encountered difficulties.Cai Yuanpei tried to cultivate students’personal morals through the Society of Moral Improvement,but he failed to achieve the expected results.Thirdly,the cultivation of social morality faced chal⁃lenges.Cai Yuanpei believed that social morality was mainly reflected in concern for the interests of groups and society.He tried to realize the change from“patriotism”to“loving the people”,and paid attention to cultivating students’consciousness of loving the university.Influenced by internal and external factors,relevant measures did not achieve significant results.The predicament of moral education of Cai Yuanpei and Peking University re⁃flects not only the adjustment and conflicts of transplanting foreign university systems,but also the courage and helplessness of an educator in resisting the dark political reality and old habits.

关 键 词：蔡元培 北京大学 大学德育 民国高校治理 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学]