世界基尼系数计算方法的理论比较与实证  

Theoretical Comparison and Empirical Research of Calculation Methods of the World Gini Coefficient

作　　者：王金萍 方波 Wang Jinping;Fang Bo(Statistical Information Management Center,National Bureau of Statistics,Beijing 100826,China;Central Asia Studies,Xinjiang Academy of Social Sciences,Urumqi 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]国家统计局统计资料管理中心,北京100826 [2]新疆社会科学院中亚研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《统计与决策》2023年第23期5-10,共6页Statistics & Decision

摘　　要：文章参考世界银行2020年发布的《购买力平价与世界经济的规模——2017年轮国际比较项目(ICP)结果》报告,从理论层面对世界基尼系数的计算方法进行了深入比较分析,并揭示了人口权重法比定义法更能反映世界贫富差距的根本原因。实证研究发现:1990—2021年世界基尼系数总体呈现下降趋势,人口权重法世界基尼系数下降速度快于定义法;利用人口权重法,采用汇率法和购买力平价(PPP)法人均GDP测算的世界基尼系数在32年间总体上分别下降了0.120和0.132,降幅分别为16.18%和21.96%。基于减贫贡献率思想测算的中国对世界和亚太地区基尼系数下降的年平均贡献率显示,采用汇率法和PPP法人均GDP指标,按人口权重法计算,1990—2021年中国对全球贫富差距缩小的年平均贡献率分别达到91.96%和74.31%;按定义法计算,中国的年平均贡献率分别为4.59%和6.69%。采用PPP法人均GDP和人均消费指标,按人口权重法计算,1990—2021年中国对亚太地区贫富差距缩小的年平均贡献率分别为76.75%和64.98%。Referring to the report released by the World Bank in 2020:Purchasing Power Parity and the Size of the World Economy—Results from the 2017 International Comparison Program,this paper conducts an in-depth comparison and analysis of the methods to calculate the world Gini coefficient from a theoretical perspective,and reveals that the population weighting method can reflect the root cause of the world wealth gap better than the definition method.The results go as below:The world Gini coefficient has a downward trend from 1990 to 2021,and the world Gini coefficient measured by the population weighting method declines faster than the one measured by the definition method.Based on two different calculation methods for per capita GDP indicators(exchange rate method and PPP method),the world Gini coefficient measured by the population weighting method has dropped by 0.120 and 0.132 respectively over the past 32 years,with a decrease of 16.18%and 21.96%,respectively.Furthermore,drawing on the idea of the contribution rate of poverty reduction,the paper calculates the average annual contribution rate of China to the decline of the Gini coefficient of the world and the Asia-Pacific region.The calculation results show that according to the population weighting method,when is used the exchange rate method and the PPP method as per capita GDP indicators,China’s annual contribution rates to the narrowing of the global wealth gap from 1990 to 2021 reached 91.96%and 74.31%,respectively.According to the definition method,China’s annual contribution rates are 4.59%and 6.69%,respectively.According to the population weighting method,when is used the PPP method for per capita GDP and consumption indicators,China’s annual contribution rates to the narrowing of the wealth gap in the Asia Pacific region from 1990 to 2021 are 76.75%and 64.98%,respectively.

关 键 词：世界基尼系数 定义法 人口权重法 购买力平价法 汇率法 

分 类 号：C813[社会学—统计学]