我国民办学前教育生均经费城乡差异分析——基于2011—2021年全国教育经费统计数据  

Analyzing Urban-rural Differences in the Average Per Capita Funding of Private Preschool Education in China:on the Basis of National Education Funding Statistics from 2011 to 2021

作　　者：徐长虹 徐玲[1] XU Changhong;XU Ling(School of Education,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学教育学院,北京100048

出　　处：《成都师范学院学报》2023年第11期20-30,共11页Journal of Chengdu Normal University

基　　金：2022年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(22JJD880004)。

摘　　要：基于《中国教育经费统计年鉴》《中国教育统计年鉴》数据,运用基尼系数法和分项收入分解法,对我国近10年来民办学前教育生均经费投入和生均经费支出的城乡差异进行了测算,分析了各项教育经费投入来源和支出流向对总体差异的贡献率。结果显示:经费投入与经费支出的基尼系数均呈波动上升趋势,但始终维持在0.2水平以下,说明城乡民办学前教育经费存在差距但尚处于均衡状态;事业收入和人员经费支出分别是我国民办学前教育生均经费投入城乡差异和支出城乡差异的最大贡献来源。据此提出如下建议:提升经费投入水平,兼顾效率与公平;合理安排支出结构,加强监测与评估;警惕城镇化背景下高估民办学前教育经费城乡分配的成效。On the basis of the data from China Educational Finance Statistical Yearbook and China Education Statistical Yearbook,by adopting the Gini coefficient method and the decomposition method of disaggregated income,the urban-rural differences in the average per capita funding inputs and average per capita expenditure of private preschool education in China over the past 10 years have been measured,and the contribution rate of the sources of education funding and the flow of expenditure to the overall differences have been analyzed.The results show that the Gini coefficients of funding inputs and expenditures both show a fluctuating upward trend,but always remain below the level of 0.2,indicating that there is a gap between urban and rural areas,but it is still in a state of equilibrium.Career income and personnel expenditure are the largest sources of contribution to the urban-rural differences in the average per capita funding input of private preschool education in China.Suggestions are put forward including raising the level of funding inputs and taking into account both efficiency and equity,rationalizing the structure of expenditure and strengthening monitoring and evaluation,and being wary of overestimating the effectiveness of the urban-rural distribution of funding for private preschool education in the context of urbanization.

关 键 词：教育经费 民办学前教育 城乡差异 基尼系数 分项收入 普惠性幼儿园 

分 类 号：G467[文化科学—教育学]