幼儿园幼儿伤害事故的基本特征、归责问题与应对策略——基于对137例法院裁判文书的分析  

Basic Features,Liability Issues and Coping Strategies of Children’s Injury Accidents in Kindergartens:on the Basis of an Analysis of 137 Cases of Court Judgment Documents

作　　者：刘炎 蔡迎旗[1] LIU Yan;CAI Yingqi(School of Education,Central China Normal University,Wuhan,Hubei 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学教育学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《成都师范学院学报》2023年第11期31-39,共9页Journal of Chengdu Normal University

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学基金教育学重点课题(AHA200010)。

摘　　要：通过分析137例法院裁判文书的文本,发现幼儿园幼儿伤害事故类型多为摔伤,伤害事故的发生时间多数在幼儿游戏期间。在法院裁决中,判决幼儿园承担责任的文书数量较多,且幼儿园在不同类型的伤害事故中承担50%及以上责任的案例较多。教师履责不力、教师教学不规范、幼儿园设备缺陷以及幼儿园安全制度不完善等因素是事故发生的主要原因。在伤害事故司法裁决过程中,存在幼儿离园时间无法准确界定、幼儿在伤害事故中的过错难以判断、幼儿园举证意识薄弱等问题。针对伤害事故发生原因和归责问题,政府主管部门和幼儿园等主体要通过完善学校安全法律法规、推行责任险制度、落实常规安全检查及开展定期安全培训等途径,降低伤害事故发生概率。Through the text analysis of 137 cases of court judgment documents in recent years,it is found that most of the injuries suffered by children in kindergartens were due to falls,and most of the injuries occurred during children’s playing.In court judgments,there were a large number of documents that judged kindergartens to bear responsibility,especially to bear the proportions of 50%or more responsibility in different types of injury accidents.The main reasons for the accidents were the poor management of the kindergarten,the non-standard teaching of the teachers,the defects of the kindergarten equipment and the imperfect safety system of the kindergarten.In the process of judicial adjudication of injury accidents,there were some problems,including the difficulty in accurately identifying children’s time of leaving the kindergarten,the difficulty in judging children’s fault in injury accidents,and the weak consciousness of the kindergarten’s proof.Given the causes and imputations of injury accidents in kindergartens,the government and kindergartens should reduce the probability of injury accidents by improving school safety laws and regulations,executing the liability insurance system,implementing routine safety inspections,and regularly carrying out safety training.

关 键 词：幼儿伤害事故 裁判文书 安全事故 司法案例 法律责任 归责原则 意外事故 

分 类 号：G617[文化科学—学前教育学]