麻醉护士角色压力现状与干预策略研究进展  

Research progress on the current situation of anesthesia nurse role pressure and intervention strategies

作　　者：马舒宁 张安平[1] 王晶[2] 凌陶 陈本祯[2] MA Shuning;ZHANG Anping;WANG Jing;LING Tao;CHEN Benzhen(Operating Room,Anesthesia and Surgery Center,Sichuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Chengdu,Sichuan 610045,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]四川省妇幼保健院麻醉手术中心手术室,四川成都610045 [2]四川省妇幼保健院麻醉手术中心麻醉科 [3]四川省妇幼保健院护理部

出　　处：《中华全科医学》2023年第12期2124-2127,2144,共5页Chinese Journal of General Practice

基　　金：四川省卫生健康委员会科研课题(重点研究项目)(19ZD009)。

摘　　要：麻醉护士作为特殊的专科护士群体,其发展受到国内外广泛关注。研究表明,麻醉护士因人员配比不足、工作特性及职责岗位差异化明显等问题,角色压力较大。加之文献调研发现,麻醉护士角色压力的相关因素研究多为单因变量或单模型解释,多变量因果关系的检验性研究缺乏,实证性应对策略少见,以至于角色压力对麻醉护士工作与自身造成的影响并未得到有效缓解。在欧美等发达国家,麻醉护士具有独立执业权和高权威性,教育体系与实践标准均已规范。研究显示,麻醉护士的低专业技术与权威性导致了高水平角色压力的产生。在我国,麻醉护士虽然实践范围跨度大,但大都不具备管理及技术权限,工作多为术前宣教、麻醉药品器械准备、跟踪随访等助手性质工作,技术与权威性低,虽已有医院做了麻醉护士全身麻醉技术使用的探索实施,但也明确表示了对麻醉护士的执业限制。本文总结了导致麻醉护士角色压力的相关因素,包括麻醉护士情绪智力、职业倦怠、离职倾向、工作满意度等,并从麻醉护士的角色压力现状、评估工具、相关因素和干预策略方面阐述了目前国内外麻醉护士角色压力的研究进展,对现有角色压力的干预方法进行了展望,为探寻适合国内麻醉护士的压力干预方案提供参考。As a special group of specialized nurses,the development of anesthesia nurses has attracted wide attention at home and abroad.The research shows that the anesthesia nurses are under obvious role pressure due to the lack of staff ratio,work characteristics and obvious differentiation of responsibilities.In addition,the literature research finds that most of the factors related to the role pressure of anesthesia nurses are explained by single dependent variable or single model,the lack of test research on multivariate causality,and the empirical coping strategies are rare.So that the impact of the role pressure on the work of anesthesia nurses has not been effectively alleviated.In developed countries such as Europe and America,anesthesia nurses have the right to practice independently and high authority,meanwhile the education system and practice standards have been standardized.Research shows that the low professional skills and authority of anesthesia nurses lead to the high level of role pressure.In our country,although the scope of practice of nurse anesthesia across a wide range,but most do not have the management and technical authority,the work is mostly preoperative preaching,anesthesia drugs and equipment preparation,tracking follow-up and other assistant nature of the work,technology and authority is low.Although some hospitals have done exploratory implementation of the use of general anesthesia techniques by nurse anesthetists,they have also clearly expressed restrictions on the practice of nurse anesthesia.This paper summarizes the relevant factors leading to the role stress of nurse anesthetists contain nurse anesthetists'emotional intelligence,burnout,tendency to leave the job,and job satisfaction,etc.It also reviews the current research progress of nurse anesthetists'role stress at home and abroad in terms of the current status of nurse anesthetists'role stress,assessment tools,relevant factors,and intervention strategies,and provides a reasonable outlook of the existing intervention methods of rol

关 键 词：麻醉护士 角色压力 发展现状 干预策略 

分 类 号：R192.6[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R614[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]