土壤改良措施对土壤微生态和西瓜苗期枯萎病防治的影响  

Effects of soil improvement measures on soil microecology and the management of Fusarium wilt in watermelon seedlings

作　　者：陈子彪 易丽聪 李庆柯 周伟 王运强[2] 伍娜 焦春海[4] 肖波[1] 戴照义[2] CHEN Zibiao;YI Licong;LI Qingke;ZHOU Wei;WANG Yunqiang;WU Na;JIAO Chunhai;XIAO Bo;DAI Zhaoyi(College of Horticulture and Gardening,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434000,Hubei,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Economic Crops,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,Hubei,China;College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434000,Hubei,China;Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学园艺园林学院,湖北荆州434000 [2]蔬菜种质创新与遗传改良湖北省重点实验室·湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所,武汉430064 [3]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434000 [4]湖北省农业科学院,武汉430064

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2023年第12期16-25,共10页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划(2021BBA226);湖北省自然科学基金一般面上项目(2021CFB390);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-25);湖北省农业科技创新中心创新团队(2021-620-000-001-01)。

摘　　要：由尖孢镰孢菌侵染导致的枯萎病是西瓜生产上最严重的病害之一。为探索不同土壤改良措施对西瓜枯萎病的防治效果,利用盆栽试验,对含有西瓜枯萎病病原菌的栽培基质进行土壤改良和微生物多样性分析。结果表明,与病土对照相比,高温处理下部分土壤酶活性降低,但枯萎病发病率降低至14.13%,且土壤真菌丰度和多样性提高;淹水处理同时降低了枯萎病的发病率、土壤养分含量和土壤酶活性,但提高了土壤细菌丰度;枯草芽孢杆菌和哈茨木霉菌制剂处理对土壤速效养分含量、土壤酶活性、土壤细菌和真菌的丰度及多样性均有所提高,但对西瓜苗期枯萎病的防治效果并不明显。研究结果揭示了不同土壤改良方法对西瓜苗期枯萎病防治和土壤微生态环境的影响,可为生产上克服西瓜连作障碍提供参考。Fusarium wilt(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.Niveum(FON))is one of the most serious diseases in watermelon production.This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different soil improvement methods in controlling watermelon fusarium wilt.The cultivation substrate containing FON conidia(race 1)was subjected to improve using high temperature,waterlogging,and microbial agent addition in greenhouse,and then fusarium wilt incidence of watermelon seedlings,soil nutrient levels,soil enzyme activities,and microbial community diversity were analyzed.The results showed that high temperature treatment reduced some soil enzyme activities,however,significantly reduced the fusarium wilt incidence,which dropped to only 14.13%,and increased the abundance and diversity of soil fungi.After waterlogging treatment,the wilt incidence was significantly reduced,soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities were also reduced,but soil bacterial abundance was increased.The addition of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum agents improved the content of soil available nutrients,soil enzyme activities and the abundance and diversity of soil bacteria and fungi,however,had barely effect on wilt control.The findings of this study revealed the effects of different soil improvement methods on watermelon fusarium wilt control and soil microecological environment,and provided theoretical basis for overcoming the obstacles of continuous cropping in watermelon production.

关 键 词：西瓜枯萎病 土壤改良 土壤酶活性 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]