土壤微生物群落结构对宅基地复垦种植禾草的响应  

Response of soil microbial community structure to reclamation and planting of gramineous forage in rural residential land

作　　者：康瑛 胡佳 谢富贵 郭芸君 李芹 朱永群[2] 林超文[2] 张建华[2] 胡容平[2] 王谢[2] KANG Ying;HU Jia;XIE Fu-gui;GUO Yun-jun;LI Qin;ZHU Yong-qun;LIN Chao-wen;ZHANG Jian-hua;HU Rong-ping;WANG Xie(Chengdu Tianfu Greenway Construction Investment Group Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610041,China;Agricultural Resources and Environment Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Southwest Mountain Agricultural Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]成都天府绿道建设投资集团有限公司,成都610041 [2]四川省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部西南山地农业环境重点实验室,成都610066

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第10期2092-2099,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：成都市科技创新课题(JCJQ⁃21170);国家重点研发计划子课题(2022YFD1901400)。

摘　　要：【目的】宅基地复垦后土壤生态功能修复是城市土地资源管理研究的重要技术问题。【方法】通过微型小区试验,以自然恢复(NER)为对照,研究种植禾草(高羊茅FEA、鸭茅DGA和黑麦草LPE 3种禾本科饲草)对宅基地复垦土壤细菌和真菌群落结构的影响。【结果】①宅基地复垦土壤中真菌丰度高于细菌,但细菌的物种数多于真菌。②相对NER而言,种植禾草显著调控了土壤细菌和真菌群落结构。种植禾草后,土壤中部分细菌和真菌的相对丰度显著增加,如土壤放线菌门(Actinobacteria)细菌、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)细菌、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)细菌和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)真菌的相对丰度都增加了5倍以上。③禾草种植对土壤细菌的影响胜于对真菌的影响,如在门水平上,4个处理之间具有显著差异的细菌有13类,而真菌仅2类。④种植禾草整体上降低了鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)细菌的丰度,但促进了特定真菌物种的繁殖,实现了其功能替代。⑤某鲑色沉积物杆状菌(Sediminibacterium sp.)、β⁃变形菌纲(Betaproteobacteria)、Ohtaekwangia sp.和某链球菌(Streptococcus sp.)是主要表征泥石流滩地种植禾草的一类指示细菌。⑥种植禾本科植物种更容易促进土壤中与之强关联的真菌物种生长与繁殖,因而不同禾草关联的真菌类群也不同。【结论】宅基地复垦后土壤微生物功能主要集中在快速分解有机物料以供给植物,而禾草植物种可以通过调节土壤微生物群落结构实现宅基地复垦土壤生态功能的定向修复。【Objective】The restoration of soil ecological functions following the reclamation of residential land is a crucial technical issue in urban land resource management research.【Method】In the present study,microcosm experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of planting different grass species(Festuca elata,Deschampsia grass,and Lolium perenne)on the bacterial and fungal community structure of reclaimed residential land,with natural recovery(NER)as the control.【Result】(i)The fungal abundance in reclaimed residential soil was higher than that of bacteria,although the number of bacterial species was greater than that of fungi.(ii)Planting grasses significantly regulated the community structure of soil bacteria and fungi,with certain bacteria and fungi showing a significant increase in relative abundance,such as Actinobacteria,Chloroflexi,Planctomycetes,and Basidiomycota,which were all increased by more than five times.(iii)Grass plants had a greater impact on soil bacteria compared to fungi.At the phylum level,13 bacteria significantly responded to the treatments,in contrast to only two fungi.(iv)Planting grasses reduced the abundance of Sphingomonas but promoted the proliferation of specific fungal species,resulting in functional substitution.(v)Seminibacterium,Betaproteobacteria,Ohtaekwangia and Streptococcus were a class of indi⁃cator bacteria that mainly characterized the cultivation of grass in mudslides.(vi)Planting grasses were more likely to promote the growth and reproduction of strongly associated fungal species in the soil,so the fungal groups associated with different grasses might also vary.【Conclusion】After the reclamation of homesteads,the soil microbial function mainly focuses on the rapid decomposition of organic materials to supply plants,while grass plant species can achieve targeted restoration of soil ecological function by adjusting the soil microbial community structure.

关 键 词：宅基地复垦 饲草 微生物多样性 微生物群落结构 

分 类 号：S151.94[农业科学—土壤学]