耕作深度对植烟土壤理化特征及氨氧化微生物的影响  

Effects of tillage depth on physicochemical characteristics of tobacco-growing soil and ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms

作　　者：杨如意 陈涛 廖睿 况帅[1] 徐艳丽 宋文静[1] 张波 YANG Ru-yi;CHEN Tao;LIAO Rui;KUANG Shuai;XU Yan-li;SONG Wen-jing;ZHANG Bo(Institute of Tobacco Research of CAAS/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing,Ministry of Agriculture/Qingdao Tobacco Resources and Environment Field Station of CAAS,Qingdao,Shandong 266101,China;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;China Tobacco Guizhou Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所/农业部烟草生物学与加工重点实验室/中国农业科学院青岛烟草资源与环境野外科学观测试验站,山东青岛266101 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [3]贵州中烟工业有限责任公司,贵阳550001

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第10期2210-2216,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(GZZYKJ/YZ2022DWY0051);中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技项目(2019530000241017)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究耕作深度对植烟土壤理化性质、土壤相关酶活性以及氨氧化功能菌群的影响,探明耕作措施和土壤环境因子对土壤氨氧化过程的影响。【方法】采用随机区组试验设计,在云南保山设置不同耕作深度,即耕深10 cm(CK)、耕深20 cm(S1)和耕深30 cm(S2),探究不同耕作深度对不同土层植烟土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性以及氨氧化微生物的影响。【结果】在0~20 cm土层,与CK相比,S1和S2处理的土壤容重均显著下降,降幅为5.87%、5.10%;在0~20和20~40 cm土层,与CK相比,S2处理土壤有机质、硝态氮、速效钾含量均显著增加,增幅分别为10.68%和11.45%、103.26%和159.74%、90.59%和103.52%;在0~20 cm土层,与CK相比,S1、S2处理土壤硝态氮均显著增加,增幅分别为106.42%、103.26%;在20~40 cm土层,与CK相比,S2处理铵态氮显著增加,增幅为28.19%;与CK相比,S2处理土壤微生物生物量碳、脲酶酶活性均显著降低,降幅分别为27.77%、36.84%;不同耕深处理下菌群组成相同,各菌群所占比例差异不显著,S2处理下AOB菌群中的变形菌门(Proteobacteria)丰度升高;不同耕深处理改变了氨氧化微生物AOA、AOB群落丰度,其中NH+4是对AOA群落结构影响最大的环境因子,有机质是对AOB群落结构影响最大的环境因子。【结论】深耕有利于改善土壤物理结构,提高土壤养分含量,改变AOA和AOB群落结构。【Objective】The effect of tillage depth on the physical and chemical properties,soil-related enzyme activities and ammonia oxidizing functional flora of tobacco-growing soil were studied to explore the effects of tillage measures and soil environmental factors on ammonia oxidation microbial change characteristics.【Method】Different tillage depths of 10 cm(CK),20 cm(S1)and 30 cm(S2)were set in Baoshan,Yunnan province,using a randomized block experimental design to explore the effects of different tillage depths on physicochemical properties,soil enzyme activities and ammonia oxidizing microorganisms of tobacco-planting soil in different soil layers.【Result】In the 0-20 cm soil layer,compared with CK,the soil bulk density of S1 and S2 treatment decreased significantly,the decrease rate was 5.87%,5.10%,respectively;In the 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layer,compared with CK,the contents of soil organic matter,nitrate nitrogen,and available potassium in the S2 treatment increased significantly,and the increase rates were 10.68%and 11.45%,103.26%and 159.74%,90.59%and 103.52%,respectively;In the 0-20 cm soil layer,compared with CK,soil nitrate nitrogen in the S1,S2 treatments increased significantly,and the increase rate was 106.42%,103.26%,respectively;In the 20-40 cm soil layer,compared with CK,soil nitrate nitrogen in the S2 treatment increased significantly,and the increase rate was 28.19%;Compared with CK,the soil microbial carbon and urease activity in the S2 treatment were significantly reduced by 27.77%and 36.84%,respectively;The composition of the bacterial flora was the same under different tillage depths,and the proportions of each flora were slightly different.Proteobacteria abundance in the AOB flora under the S2 treatment increased;Different tillage depth treatments changed the community abundance of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms AOA and AOB,among which NH■was the environmental factor that had the greatest impact on the AOA community structure,and organic matter was the environmental factor that ha

关 键 词：耕深 土壤养分 土壤酶 氨氧化微生物 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]