纯情升华与意念失范——刘宗周“独体”的情意观  

The Ascent of"Pure Affection"and the Descent of"Conation"——Liu Zongzhou's View of Affection and Conation With"S Solitary Body"as Its Core

作　　者：刘悦笛[1] Liu Yuedi(Institute of Philosophy,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院哲学所,北京100732

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第6期37-45,共9页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：刘宗周与王阳明良知论之间的关联,最为关键的转化在于“纯情”之升与“意念”之降,由此便造就了刘宗周以“独体”为核的情意观。首先,蕺山改造“良知说”,将“知善知恶”归于“知爱知敬”;其次,蕺山改造“四句教”,这关系到从“无善无恶者心之体”到“有善有恶心之动”、从“有善有恶者意之动”到“好善恶恶意之静”的转变;再次,蕺山改造“情意观”:提出“意者心之意也,情者性之情也”与“喜怒有情而爱恶有意,好恶有理而爱恶有欲”;最后,蕺山改造“纯情论”:发现了从“喜怒哀乐”“春夏秋冬”“元亨利贞”到“仁义礼智”的匹配结构。作为“纯情”的喜怒哀乐乃是人类之情的高级状态,应该内蕴着一种从经验升为先验、从先验返归经验的过程,该历时性进程被蕺山视为共时性实现,但这两方面的融合性也是刘宗周的贡献所在。As for the connection between Liu Zongzhou's(刘宗周)and Wang Yangming's(王阳明)theories of intuitive knowledge(良知论),the most crucial transformation lay in the ascent of"pure affection"(纯情)and the descent of"conation"(意念),which led to Liu Zongzhou's view of affection and conation(情意观)with solitary body(独体)as its core.Firstly,Liu Zongzhou transformed the theory of intuitive knowledge,attributing"the knowledge of good and evil"(知善知恶)to"the knowledge of love and respect"(知善知恶).Secondly,Liu Zongzhou transformed the"the four-sentence aphorism(四句教),which was related to the transformation from"That has neither good nor evil is the body of mind"(无善无恶者心之体)to the"That has both good and evil is the dynamic state of mind"(有善有恶心之动),and from"That has both good and evil is the dynamic state of conation"(有善有恶者意之动)to"That loves good and hates evil is the static state of conation"(好善恶恶意之静).Thirdly,Liu Zongzhou transformed the view of affection and conation,putting forward the idea that"Conation is the conation of the mind,and affection is the affection of the nature"and that"There is affection in pleasure and anger while there is conation in love and hatred.There is reason for love and hatred while there is also desire for love and hatred".Finally,Liu Zongzhou transformed the theory of"pure affection",finding out the matched structures from"pleasure,anger,sorrow and joy","spring,summer,autumn and winter",and"beginning(元),smoothness(亨),auspiciousness(利),and consistency(贞)",to"benevolence,righteousness,ritual and wisdom"."Pleasure,anger,sorrow and joy"as"pure affection"are in the advanced state of human affections,which should contain a process of ascending from experience to apriority,and returning from apriority to experience.Only that Liu Zongzhou viewed this diachronic process as synchronic realization.But in any case,the inseparable integration of these two aspects should be regarded as Liu Zongzhou's unique co

关 键 词：良知 纯情 知爱知敬 意念 意之静 喜怒哀乐 

分 类 号：B248.99[哲学宗教—中国哲学]