数字技术赋能制造业结构双重优化:效益提升与绿色转型  

Digital Technology Empowers Dual Optimization of Manufacturing Structure:Efficiency Improvement and Green Transformation

作　　者：包彤 Bao Tong

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院,300071

出　　处：《南方经济》2023年第12期83-106,共24页South China Journal of Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“推动绿色发展,促进人与自然和谐共生的政策取向研究”(21AZD058)。

摘　　要：在推动制造业绿色高质量发展进程中,数字技术能否成为制造业升级与结构转型的有力抓手,这一问题有着重要的现实意义。文章运用投入产出表识别了数字技术对中国制造业的渗透程度,检验了数字技术对制造业结构转型的影响及机制。研究发现:(1)数字技术能够促进城市制造业内部结构高级化转型,但是并未对制造业结构绿色化转型产生显著影响,进一步区分数字投入来源发现,国外来源的数字技术促进效应更明显;(2)机制检验得出,数字技术通过降低交易成本、扩大市场规模以及加剧高、低附加值行业间的技术差距,使高附加值行业、企业获得了更多生产要素和市场份额,并吸引高附加值行业进入市场,改善了资源的跨行业和企业间配置效率,从而促进了制造业高级化转型;(3)异质性分析表明,优化数字人才结构、完善要素市场发育、提高产业集聚程度有助于数字技术更好地赋能高级化转型,通过构造城市—2位数制造业结构高级化指数得出,技术复杂度较高行业以及与国民经济命脉息息相关的重点行业能够更好地吸收和呈现数字红利;(4)基于制造业结构绿色化的拓展分析发现,环境规制和数字技术的交互作用能够引导资源从污染行业转移到清洁行业,并加速污染企业退出,带动制造业结构向绿色化方向转型,实现了效益提升与绿色转型的双重优化。文章首次关注了数字技术对制造业内部结构变动的影响,丰富了数字经济与产业转型的研究范畴,为数字时代背景下如何高效赋能制造业转型升级提供了新的参考。In the process of promoting the green and high-quality development of the manufacturing industry,whether digital technology embedded in the manufacturing production chain can empower the structural transformation of the manufacturing industry?If so,what are the channels of influence?Does it need certain conditions to play its role?All these problems have important practical significance.This article answers these questions and enriches the research scope on the digital economy and industrial transformation,and provides a reference for how digital technology can better empower green transformation in the manufacturing industry.This article uses input-output tables to identify the degree of penetration of digital technology into China's manufacturing industry,and empirically tests the impact and mechanism of digital technology on the structural transformation of the manufacturing industry.The research findings are as follows:(1)Digital technology can promote the upgrading of the manufacturing industry structure,but it has no significant impact on the greening of the manufacturing industry structure.Further distinguishing the sources of digital investment,it was found that the promotion effect of digital technology from foreign sources is more significant.(2)Mechanism testing shows that digital technology reduces transaction costs,expands market scale,and exacerbates the technological gap between high and low value-added industries,enabling existing high value-added industries and enterprises to obtain more market share,and attracting high value-added industries to enter the market,improving the efficiency of resource allocation across industries and enterprises,thereby promoting the upgrading of the manufacturing industry.(3)Heterogeneity analysis shows that optimizing the structure of digital talents,improving the development of factor markets,and increasing the degree of industrial agglomeration can help digital technology better empower the upgrading.By constructing the upgrading of urban—2-digit manufacturing

关 键 词：数字技术 制造业结构高级化 制造业结构绿色化 资源配置效应 环境规制 

分 类 号：F424.0[经济管理—产业经济] F49