先秦食前祭礼考述  

Examination of pre-Qin pre-eating ritual

作　　者：李思齐 孙宝 LI Siqi;SUN Bao(Institute of Confucius Culture,Qufu Normal University,Qufu,Shandong 273165,China)

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学孔子文化研究院,山东曲阜273165

出　　处：《美食研究》2023年第4期10-18,共9页Journal of Researches on Dietetic Science and Culture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(16BZW047)。

摘　　要：食前祭礼是先秦礼仪中的重要一环。先秦时期在重大典礼和宴会的饮食前必先进行祭祀,此即食前祭礼,简称为食祭礼或食祭。食前祭礼源于对上古先民艰辛获取食物的纪念,以及在原始宗教观念下感谢神灵赐予的恩惠。食前祭礼存在于诸多先秦礼典仪节中,颇具广泛性。食前祭礼的体系完备,祭法及祭品多样,并且祭祀时所用的牲体极具时代特色,尤其是牲肺的使用反映了周人飨神“贵臭不重味”的理念。随着社会生产力的提高、食物来源的广泛以及原始宗教观念的淡化,食前祭礼逐渐走向衰落。但食前祭的习俗仍在民间有所保留。食前祭礼反映了先秦礼制与饮食文化因时而异、文质兼修与深刻持久的特点。The pre-eating ritual is an important part of the pre-Qin etiquette system.In the pre-Qin period,sacrifices must be made before the major ceremonies and banquets,which is referred to as food sacrifices.The pre-eating ritual originated from the memory of the ancient people's hard work to obtain food,and thanks to the gods for their blessings under the primitive religious concept.The pre-eating sacrificial rites existed in many pre-Qin ritual festivals and were quite extensive.The system of sacrificial rites before eating is complete,the sacrificial methods and offerings are diverse,and the sacrificial bodies used in the sacrificial rites are very characteristic of the times,especially the use of the animal lungs reflects the concept of"favoring stinking ignoring flavor".With the improvement of social productivity,the wide availability of food sources and the weakening of primitive religious concepts,the pre-eating ritual gradually declined.However,the customs of pre-eating sacrifices is still retained among the people.The pre-eating sacrificial rites reflect the characteristics of the etiquette system and food culture of the pre-Qin Dynasty,varying with time,harmonizing in inner and out grace,deepening and lasting.

关 键 词：食前祭礼 先秦时期 礼仪制度 饮食文化 经学研究 

分 类 号：TS971.2[轻工技术与工程]