考虑车速调控和乘车引导的公交运行优化控制策略  

Bus Operation Optimization Control Strategy Considering Speed Regulation and Boarding Guidance

作　　者：翁剑成[1] 李文杰 林鹏飞 邸小建 徐立泉 WENG Jian-cheng;LIWen-jie;LIN Peng-fei;DI Xiao-jian;XU Li-quan(Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;Faculty of Information Technology,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;Transport Planning and Research Institute Ministry of Transport,Beijing 100028,China;Operation and Scheduling Command Center,Beijing Public Transport Group,Beijing 100055,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学交通工程北京市重点实验室,北京100124 [2]北京工业大学信息学部,北京100124 [3]交通运输部规划研究院,北京100028 [4]北京公交集团,运营调度指挥中心,北京100055

出　　处：《交通运输系统工程与信息》2023年第6期165-175,共11页Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52072011);北京市教育委员会科学研究计划项目(KM202310005025)。

摘　　要：通过有效的精准控制策略提升公交车辆的到站间隔匀整度和运行服务可靠性是改善公交服务质量,提升公交乘客出行满意度的重要途径。首先,本文考虑站点乘客上车需求波动构建公交运行模型;其次,提出基于时间偏差反馈机制的公交区间行驶速度调控策略和基于乘车选择行为模型的公交站点乘客信息引导策略;最后,以最小化乘客出行成本和车头时距偏差为目标,构建融合车速调控和乘车引导的公交运行组合优化控制策略,并设计了求解方法。以北京公交57路为例,设计4种情形的数值仿真对比实验。仿真结果表明,组合控制策略的优化效果最佳,相比于无控制策略,公交运行稳定性提升了47.70%,避免了线路的串车发生,考虑出行时间与拥挤程度的综合成本减少了18.71%。本文还比较了不同乘客收入水平和乘客引导信息服从率下策略的优化效果。结果表明,随着收入水平的提升,信息引导策略对总出行成本降低效果减弱,当乘客引导信息服从率为0.7时,组合控制策略对公交运行和乘客出行的改善效果最显著。本文可以为提升公交运行可靠性和服务质量提供重要支撑。Improving the uniformity of bus arrival intervals and operational service reliability through effective control strategies is an important way to enhance the quality of bus services and the satisfaction of passengers.First,a bus operation model was developed in consideration of the fluctuation of passenger boarding demand at stops.Second,a bus interval speed regulation strategy was proposed based on travel time deviation feedback mechanism,and then a station passenger information guidance strategy was designed based on the boarding choice behavior model.To minimize passenger travel costs and bus headway deviations,this paper proposed a combination optimization control strategy integrating speed regulation and boarding guidance for bus operation and the solution method.Taking the bus Route No.57 in Beijing as an example,this paper performed the numerical simulation comparison experiments for four scenarios.The results show that the combination control strategy has the best optimization effect.Compared with the no control strategy,the stability of bus operation has been improved by 47.7%through the proposed method,and the bus bunching on the route was avoided.The comprehensive cost considering travel time and congestion has been reduced by 18.71%.The study also compared the optimization effects of strategies under different passenger income levels and passenger guidance information compliance rates.The results show that the effect of information guidance strategies on reducing total travel costs reduce as income levels increase.When the passenger guidance information compliance rate is 0.7.The combination control strategy has the most significant improvement effect on bus operation and passenger travel.This study can provide important support for the bus operation reliability and service quality improvement.

关 键 词：城市交通 公交控制策略 数值仿真 区间速度调控 乘车信息引导 

分 类 号：U121[交通运输工程]