亚热带不同林龄次生林与杉木林土壤氮淋溶损失特征  

Soil Nitrogen Leaching Loss Characteristics of Subtropical Secondary Forests of Different Ages and Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations

作　　者：宣美林 廖姝 岳楷 吴福忠 吴秋霞 朱晶晶 倪祥银 XUAN Meiling;LIAO Shu;YUE Kai;WU Fuzhong;WU Qiuxia;ZHU Jingjing;NI Xiangyin(School of Geographical Sciences,School of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007;Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education,Fuzhou 350117;Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Sanming,Fujian 365002)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学地理科学学院/碳中和未来技术学院,福州350007 [2]湿润亚热带生态-地理过程教育部重点实验室,福州350117 [3]福建三明森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,福建三明365002

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2023年第6期283-289,297,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32101509,32022056,32171641)。

摘　　要：为分析不同林龄亚热带常绿阔叶次生林和杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)种植对土壤氮淋溶的影响,采用土柱微宇宙原位培养,分别比较9年生和45年生次生林(以米槠Castanopsis carlesii为建群种)之间、米槠和杉木人工林(均为9年生)之间的土壤总氮、硝态氮和铵态氮浓度及通量。结果表明:(1)4种类型森林土壤总氮和硝态氮浓度均表现为45年生次生林>9年生次生林>杉木人工林>米槠人工林;铵态氮浓度则为45年生次生林>杉木人工林>9年生次生林>米槠人工林。(2)4种类型森林土壤总氮和硝态氮的淋溶通量在整个试验期表现为9年生次生林>45年生次生林>杉木人工林>米槠人工林;5—8月4种类型森林土壤氨态氮淋溶通量差异较大,但大体上表现为杉木人工林>45年生次生林>9年生次生林>米槠人工林。(3)9年生和45年生次生林、米槠人工林、杉木人工林土壤总氮年淋溶量分别为14.24,13.27,7.26,10.97 [g/(m^(2)·a)],硝态氮年淋溶量分别为10.88,9.97,5.35,8.44 [g/(m^(2)·a)],铵态氮年淋溶量分别为1.97,2.18,1.59,2.26 [g/(m^(2)·a)]。综上所述,随着亚热带常绿阔叶次生林的林龄增长,土壤总氮和硝态氮的淋溶损失量降低;与地带性树种米槠相比,人工种植杉木加速土壤氮的淋溶损失。To assess whether soil nitrogen leaching would be affected by the planting subtropical evergreen broad-leaved secondary forests of different ages and Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata)plantations,soil column microcosm in situ culture experiment was used to compare the soil total nitrogen,nitrate and ammonium concentrations and fluxes between 9-year-old and 45-year-old secondary forests(with Castanopsis carlesii as the dominant tree species),and between C.carlesii and C.lanceolata plantations(both 9-year-old).The results showed that:(1)The concentrations of total nitrogen and nitrate in the four forest soils showed a general pattern of 45-year-old secondary forest>9-year-old secondary forest>C.lanceolata plantation>C.carlesii plantation.The concentration of ammonium nitrogen was 45 years old secondary forest>C.lanceolata plantation>9 years old secondary forest>C.carlesii plantation.(2)The fluxes of total nitrogen and nitrate of the four forest types in soil leaching solutions were as follows:9-year-old secondary forest>45-year-old secondary forest>C.lanceolata plantation>C.carlesii plantation,and soil ammonium leaching fluxes varied significantly among the four forest types between may and August,showing a order of C.lanceolata plantation>45-year-old secondary forest>9-year-old secondary forest>C.carlesii plantation.(3)The annual leaching fluxes of total nitrogen were 14.24,13.27,7.26 and 10.97 g/(m^(2)·a),the nitrate leaching fluxes were 10.88,9.97,5.35 and 8.44,and the ammonium leaching fluxes were 1.97,2.18,1.59 and 2.26 g/(m^(2)·a),in the 9-year-old and 45-year-old secondary forests,C.carlesii plantation and C.lanceolata plantation,respectively.In summary,the leaching loss of soil total nitrogen and nitrate decreased along the growth of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved secondary forest age,but the plantations of C.lanceolata accelerate nitrogen leaching loss from soils relative to the native tree species.

关 键 词：氮淋溶 杉木 人工林 次生林 林龄 亚热带森林 

分 类 号：S714.8[农业科学—林学]