作为规范伦理要求的信任——一种布兰顿式的进路  

Trust as a Normative Ethical Demand:A Brandomian Approach

作　　者：周靖 ZHOU Jing

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院哲学研究所

出　　处：《哲学分析》2023年第6期100-109,192,共11页Philosophical Analysis

基　　金：上海社会科学院创新工程项目“‘信任’的规范性研究”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：信任的知识论中的一项重要争议在于,信任仅是个体对待彼此的态度,还是一种对我们的规范要求?布兰顿的信任理论引入了对信任形成的历史性分析,指出信任是经过社会形式的变迁而最终形成的一种规范的、伦理要求。只有在个体对待彼此的“规范态度”和个体在社会中占据的“规范身份”之间实现真正制衡的后现代社会中,个体才能基于对彼此的信任建立起真正的共同体,进而成为一个真正的主体。信任,因此成为一种理解和对待彼此的元伦理态度,只有基于信任才能理解何谓信任,以及为何信任。这一回答在解释信任的伦理特征的同时,也能为信任的知识论问题提供一种不同的解。A critical controversy in the epistemology of trust is whether trust is a private attitude or a normative requirement.Robert Brandom’s theory of trust introduces an analysis of the historical dimension of trust formation,pointing out that trust is a normative ethical requirement that is eventually formed through changes in social forms.Specifically,individuals can establish a real community based on trust in each other only in the postmodern society,where a genuine balance between the“normative attitudes”of individuals toward each other and the“normative status”they occupy in society has been achieved.Individual turns to be a subject only in a community thus formed.Trust is therefore taken as a meta-ethical attitude of understanding and treating each other,and it is only on the base of trust that one can understand what trust is and why we trust.This answer can also provide a different solution to the debates in the epistemology of trust.

关 键 词：知识论 信任 规范 伦理生活 布兰顿 

分 类 号：B08[哲学宗教—哲学理论]