膳食纤维、植物营养素与微营养素对肠道菌群及健康的影响  

Effects of Dietary Fiber,Phytonutrients and Micronutrients on Intestinal Flora and Health

作　　者：任建敏 REN Jianmin(School of Environment and Resources,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆工商大学环境与资源学院,重庆400067

出　　处：《重庆工商大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第6期8-17,共10页Journal of Chongqing Technology and Business University:Natural Science Edition

摘　　要：肠道菌群多数定殖在消化道较远端,与宿主共享许多酶反应,是人体必不可少的组成部分,对健康有重要影响。饮食中膳食纤维、植物营养素和微营养素等为肠道菌群提供营养、调节肠道菌群多样性与丰富度,同时也在预防和治疗某些疾病中起着重要作用。研究表明膳食纤维经肠道菌群高度发酵与膨胀,主要在结肠产生短链脂肪酸,影响宿主新陈代谢和免疫系统,间接塑造肠道菌群,还参与细胞生长、肠道屏障与离子转运,并增加抗菌和宿主防御基因表达等。膳食植物营养素90%~95%经肠道菌群转化成高度生物可利用代谢物,显著改变菌群多样性,对预防高脂饮食代谢综合征有积极作用。维生素与微营养素为肠道菌群提供必需的营养,促进与致病菌竞争,调节免疫反应,改变肠道菌群与胃肠功能。肠道菌群调节各种营养素全身的状态,有益于机体健康。Most of the intestinal flora colonize at the distal end of the digestive tract,sharing many enzymatic reactions with their hosts.It is an essential part of the human body and has a significant impact on health.Dietary fiber,phytonutrients and micronutrients in the diet provide nutrition for intestinal flora,regulate the diversity and richness of intestinal flora,and play an important role in preventing and treating some diseases.Studies have shown that dietary fiber is highly fermented and expanded by the intestinal flora,producing short-chain fatty acids mainly in the colon,influencing host metabolism and the immune system,indirectly shaping the intestinal flora,and also participating in cell growth,intestinal barrier and ion transport,and increasing the expression of antibacterial and host defense genes.90%~95%of dietary phytonutrients are converted into highly bioavailable metabolites by intestinal flora,which significantly changes microbial diversity and plays a positive role in preventing metabolic syndrome of the high-fat diet.Vitamins and micronutrients provide essential nutrients to the intestinal flora,promote competition with pathogenic bacteria,modulate the immune response,and alter the intestinal flora and gastrointestinal function.The intestinal flora regulates the systemic status of various nutrients and is beneficial to the health of the organism.

关 键 词：肠道菌群 膳食纤维 植物营养素 微量营养素 

分 类 号：O643[理学—物理化学]