从清华简《大夫食礼》再论礼经礼记关系及成篇先后问题  

Further Discussion on the Relationship Between the Text and the Endnote of Yili and Its Completion Time Based on Tsinghua Manuscript Dafushi Li

作　　者：马楠[1] Ma Nan

机构地区：[1]清华大学出土文献研究与保护中心“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”协同攻关创新平台

出　　处：《出土文献》2023年第4期1-10,153,共11页Excavated Documents

摘　　要：传统经学研究认为,《仪礼》附经之“记”论经文所未备,补经文之阙略,默认记文产生必在经文之后。而以文献学方法细究清华简《大夫食礼》、武威汉简《仪礼》及今本《仪礼》诸篇,所谓经文、记文的内容特征都不能作为判断经记分别、经先记后的绝对标准。《仪礼》应当视作战国时期孔门后学对同类礼文推排疏通、整合归并的结果,经、记是这一编纂过程的同时产物,记文则是将不便整合的内容依序附后。《仪礼》与大小戴《礼记》各篇也应当以积章成篇、整合归并的思路进行研究,讨论篇目章节的结构层次,以及有关联篇章的时代相对先后。此外,《仪礼》十七篇作为整合礼文的最终结果,的确体现出文句整饬、相互照应的特点,严整程度也高于清华简《大夫食礼》。Traditional Confucian studies believe that the endnote记文of Yili仪礼records the situations not discussed in the text经文and serves as a supplement so that its completion must be later than the text.However,the content characteristics cited by those studies cannot be used as absolute standards for judging the distinction between the text and the endnote and their time sequence,which can be concluded by using the method of philology to study the Tsinghua manuscript Dafushi Li大夫食礼,the Wuwei Han manuscript Yili and the current version of Yili.The opposite conclusion can be drawn that Yili is completed by the Confucian scholars in the Warring States period through arranging,sorting,integrating,and merging similar ritual texts礼类文本,and the parts which are inconvenient to integrate have to be included as sequential attachments,thus the text and the endnote are the simultaneous products of this compilation process.According to the above conclusion,Yili,Liji礼记and Dadai Liji大戴礼记should be studied as their formation process and analyzed from the structual level of chapters章to determine the relative chronological orders of related chapters and articles篇.In addition,as the final products of integrating ritual texts,the seventeen articles of Yili indeed present the characteristics of neat sentences and mutual reference,which are neater than the Tsinghua manuscript Dafushi Li.

关 键 词：仪礼 礼记 大夫食礼 

分 类 号：K892.9[历史地理—民俗学] K877.5[历史地理—历史学]