饲料油菜粗蛋白含量及其氨基酸组成  

The study on the crude protein content and amino acid composition in Brassica napus feed

作　　者：刘萍 张林 王涛 王婧泽 陈燕萍 吴宇瑶 龚永会 秦利军 代文东[2] LIU Ping;ZHANG Lin;WANG Tao;WANG Jingze;CHEN Yanping;WU Yuyao;GONG Yonghui;QIN Lijun;DAI Wendong(Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region(Ministry of Education),College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Guizhou Rapeseed Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550008,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学生命科学学院/农业生物工程研究院,山地植物资源保护与种质创新教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省农业科学院油菜研究所,贵州贵阳550008

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第12期3150-3162,共13页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：饲料油菜植株粗蛋白含量的遗传及QTL定位研究([黔科合基础项目-ZK[2022]一般289]);高蛋白饲料油菜品种创制及高效技术模式研究与应用([黔科合支撑项目(2020)1Y108])。

摘　　要：为评价饲料油菜(Brassica napus)及其不同生长时期的营养品质差异,采用双因素随机区组设计,研究饲料油菜‘牲饲1号’‘牲饲2号’和‘油研50’在薹期(BS)、初花期(EFS)、盛花期(FBS)和终花后1周(FFS)刈割,对生物产量、粗蛋白及其氨基酸组分含量的影响。结果表明,1)品种(组合)对饲料油菜生物产量影响显著(P<0.05),刈割时期影响极显著(P<0.01),两者互作影响不显著(P>0.05);其中,‘牲饲2号’FFS生物产量最高。2)从BS至FFS,3个品种(组合)植株粗蛋白(CP)含量(干基)分别从26.88%、27.05%和25.66%降至15.22%、16.06%和15.45%,且品种间差异均达显著水平(P<0.05);‘牲饲2号’和‘油研50’单位面积CP产量均为FBS>FFS>EFS>BS,‘牲饲1号’为FBS>EFS>FFS>BS,其中‘牲饲2号’FBS刈割处理最高(1855.55 kg·hm^(-2)),‘牲饲1号’FBS处理次之(1645.85kg·hm^(-2))。3)3个品种(组合)均含7种必需氨基酸(E)和10种非必需氨基酸。处理间氨基酸、总氨基酸(T)、必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、药效氨基酸、甜味氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸和苦味氨基酸含量均有显著差异。除蛋氨酸外,其他必需氨基酸含量均表现为BS>EFS>FBS>FFS。除蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸外,E/T均高于FAO/WHO推荐标准、必需氨基酸的比值系数均接近1,各处理氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)为56.81~71.34,‘牲饲2号’FFS刈割处理SRC值最高(71.34)。4)以三江牛红牛肉、婆罗门牛肉和巴美肉羊为参比蛋白,‘牲饲2号’和‘油研50’FFS刈割必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)处于0.90~0.94,为良好蛋白质;以蕨麻猪肉为参比蛋白,‘牲饲2号’FFS刈割EAAI值为0.97,为优质蛋白,‘牲饲2号’FBS刈割和‘油研50’FFS刈割,EAAI值分别为0.86和0.94,均达到良好蛋白标准。To evaluate the differences in the nutritional quality of Brassica napus feed at different growth periods,a randomized block design was conducted with two factors,i.e.,varieties and mowing periods.Three varieties(Shengsi No.1,Shengsi No.2,and Youyan 50)and four mowing periods[bolting stage(BS),early flowering stage(EFS),full bloom stage(FBS)and one week after the final flowering stage(FFS)]were set as factor levels in this experiment.The results showed that 1)biological yield was significantly different between different varieties(P<0.05),and there were highly significant differences between different mowing periods(P<0.01);however,the interaction between varieties and mowing period did not show differences(P>0.05).Among the treatments,the highest biological yield was determined in‘Shengsi No.2’at FFS.2)The crude protein(CP)content(dry base)of the three varieties decreased from 26.88%,27.05%,and 25.66%to 15.22%,16.06%,and 15.45%from BS to FFS for‘Shengsi No.1’,‘Shengsi No.2’,and‘Youyan 50’,respectively.Additionally,the CP contents differed significantly between the mowing periods(P<0.05).The CP yield trends were FBS>FFS>EFS>BS in‘Shengsi No.2’and‘Youyan 50’,and FBS>EFS>FFS>BS in‘Shengsi No.1’.The highest yield(1855.55 kg·ha^(−1))was determined in‘Shengsi No.2’at FBS,followed by‘Shengsi No.1’(1645.85 kg·ha^(−1))at the same mowing period.3)All varieties contained seven essential amino acids(E)and ten non-essential amino acids(N).The amino acids(A),total amino acids(T),E,N,medical amino acids(M),sweet amino acids(S),fresh amino acids(F),and bitter amino acids(B)were significantly different between treatments.Except for Met,the essential amino acid content trend was BS>EFS>FBS>FFS.The E/T of the other essential amino acids was higher than the recommended amino acid pattern by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization(FAO/WHO),and the ratio coefficient of amino acid(RC)was close to 1,except for Met+Cys.The score of ratio coefficient of amino acid(SRC)in e

关 键 词：饲料油菜 刈割时期 生物产量 粗蛋白 氨基酸 氨基酸比值 必需氨基酸指数 

分 类 号：S548[农业科学—作物学]