新疆野生羊肚菌遗传多样性研究  

Genetic Diversity of Wild Species of Morchella in Xinjiang

作　　者：武冬梅[1] 李全胜[1] 高能 WU Dong-mei;LI Quan-sheng;GAO Neng(Biotechnology Research Institue,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences/Xinjiang Production&Construction Group Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Enhancement and Gene Resources Utilization,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang)

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院生物技术研究所/作物种质创新与基因资源利用兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《绿洲农业科学与工程》2023年第2期34-42,共9页Oasis Agriculture Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31160011);新疆生产建设兵团重点领域科技攻关计划项目(2021AB004)。

摘　　要：本研究采用ISSR分子标记技术,对来自新疆5个不同地区25个地理居群的羊肚菌属190个个体的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行检测。结果显示,13条ISSR引物共检测到118个位点,其中多态性位点116个,多态位点百分率(PPB)为98.31%,Nei’s基因多样性(H)为0.2404±0.1637,Shannos’s多样性信息指数(Hsp)为0.3793±0.2173。群体水平上,各个群体的多态位点百分率(PPB)平均为41.99%,Nei’s基因多样性(H)为0.1527±0.1915,Shannos’s多样性信息指数平均为(0.2279±0.2767),ISSR标记同时揭示羊肚菌群体存在一定程度的遗传分化(Gst=0.3718),群体间的遗传变异占总变异的37.18%,群体内遗传变异占62.82%,遗传变异主要存在于群体内部。基因流(Nm)为0.8447,小于1.0,进一步证实野生羊肚菌群体存在一定程度的遗传分化。Mantel检测发现,群体间的遗传距离与地理距离具有一定的正相关关系(R=0.6277,P=0.0020)。羊肚菌属在物种水平表现出较高的遗传多样性,群体在进化上遗传变异减缓,遗传多样性较低。较广的分布范围,大尺度的地理跨度、特殊的生境等可能是导致羊肚菌属目前遗传格局的主要原因。ISSR molecular markers were used to revealed the genetic diversity and genetic structure in twenty-five populations of Morchella.Thirteen ISSR primers were screened for the amplification of Morchella.118 bands were resulted,of which 116 were poly⁃morphic bands at an average of eight loci per primer.At the species level,the percentage of polymorphic loci(PPB)was 98.31%,Nei’s gene diversity(H)was 0.2404±0.1637,Shannon information index(Hsp)was 0.3793±0.2173,indicating a high level of genetic di⁃versity of the species.However,at population level,the PPB was only 41.99%,Nei’s gene diversity(H)was 0.1527±0.1915,Shannon information index was 0.2279±0.2767,which demonstrated that the genetic variation of small populations tended to decrease and gengtic diversity is relatively lower.Genetic differentiation was also investigated.The results showed that interpopulational variation ac⁃counted for 37.18%and intrapopulational variation 62.82%.Moreover,gene flow(Nm)was 0.8447,it also confirmed that Genetic dif⁃ferentiation was existed in Morchella populations.Mantel test indicated that there was a positive correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance.The genetic pattern of morchella was might mainly attributed to its long evolutionary history,large geographi⁃cal span,wide distribution and special Eco-environmental.The protective measure has been suggested according to the genetic diversi⁃ty and genetic structure of morchella.

关 键 词：新疆 野生羊肚菌 遗传多样性 ISSR 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]