吉林和龙大洞遗址2010年出土雕刻器的初步研究  

A preliminary study of the burins excavated from the Helongdadong site of Jilin Province in 2010

作　　者：徐廷 陈虹[2] 李尧[2] XU Ting;CHEN Hong;LI Yao(School of Archaeology and Museologym,Liaoning Uniersity,Shenyang 110136;Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310015)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学考古文博学院,沈阳110136 [2]浙江大学艺术与考古学院,杭州310015

出　　处：《人类学学报》2023年第6期751-763,共13页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社科基金(23AKG001)。

摘　　要：本文是对吉林和龙大洞遗址2010年考古发掘出土的雕刻器的研究。遗址共出土石制品1253件,包括石器98件。石器中含42件雕刻器,约占43%;根据刃口位置可将其区分为斜刃雕刻器(A型)和直刃雕刻器(B型)两种。通过技术分析和微痕分析,本研究确认斜刃雕刻器为定型石器,石器的使用痕迹集中在斜棱刃附近。而直刃雕刻器的使用过程较为复杂,其设计具有灵活性,雕刻器小面这一技术结构兼具使用、装柄、持握、细石叶剥坯和循环利用等多种功能。结合和龙大洞遗址的年代,本研究认为:和龙大洞遗址直刃雕刻器利用与设计过程的灵活性与末次冰盛期狩猎采集者流动性适应策略密切相关。The function of the burins,as its name implies,was originally defined by Western scholars as being associated with the proliferation of bone and horn toothwork in Europe during the Late Paleolithic,where it was primarily used to burin bone and horn objects,and where the primary site of use was the chisel-like edge between the small face of the burin fact and the platform.However,with the development of use-wear analysis methods,more and more scholars no longer consider the burin design and utilization process to be so fixed,and demonstrate that burins actually represents a flexible and variable technological system rather than a single artifact type.A total of 42 burins were discovered from the Helongdadong site by archaeological excavation in 2010.These assemblages were divided into burin with beveled edge(Type A)and burin with straight edge(Type B)by the locations of burin facet.This paper reconstructs the conceptual versions and production sequences of two different types of burins through technical analysis,confirming that the burins with beveled edge were definitive tools,while the burins with straight edge show a more complex use purpose and a flexible design logic,exhibiting characteristics of both microblade cores and burins.Use-wear evidence suggests that all types of burin were used at the Helongdadong site,but the chisel-like edge was not the main part of the burins used.Although developed by prehistoric humans,the key technical structure of the ventral prismatic edge and the small facet of the burins has different meanings in different types of specimens:1)Type A burins,the oblique prismatic edge constitutes the core use unit of the burin;2)Type B burins,however,the oblique prismatic blade and the small facet of the burin are used both directly and for holding,hafting,chipping of micro-blades,and in some specimens,for recycling of raw materials.These phenomena demonstrate that the burins from the Helongdadong site were in fact a flexible and versatile technical system rather than a single artifact typ

关 键 词：和龙大洞 雕刻器 微痕 流动性 

分 类 号：K871.11[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]