超临界CO2萃取制备澳洲坚果油的工艺优化  

Optimization of Preparation of Macadamia Nut Oil by Supercritical CO2 Extraction

作　　者：刘姚 杨光 卓佳良 陈宇飞 吴世军 Yao Liu;Guang Yang;Jialiag Zhuo;Yufei Chen;Shijun Wu(School of Gardening and Food,Guangdong Eco-engineering Polytechnic,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510520,China)

机构地区：[1]广东生态工程职业学院园艺与食品学院,广东广州510520

出　　处：《当代农业（中英文版）》2023年第1期16-25,共10页Journal of Modern Agriculture

基　　金：广东省省级科技计划项目-澳洲坚果新品系栽培示范与新产品开发利用(2023B0208010001)。

摘　　要：利用单因素实验及响应面法优化超临界CO2萃取澳洲坚果油的工艺,并利用GC/MS、Folin-Ciocalteui法等国标方法,分析最优条件下坚澳洲坚果油的脂肪酸组成、多酚等活性成分。结果表明:各因素影响程度依次为:萃取温度(A)>萃取压力(B)>萃取时间(C);交互项中AB、AC和BC对澳洲坚果油得率没有显著影响,AB、AC和BC对澳洲坚果油得率的影响表现为AC>BC>AB。响应面法优化得到的澳洲坚果油最佳工艺条件为萃取温度为51℃,压力为28 MPa,萃取时间为2.6 h,在此条件下,澳洲坚果油理论预测得率为73.35%,实际得率为72.55%,理论预测值与实际测定值基本一致。澳洲坚果油经GC/MS分析,共鉴定出13种脂肪酸,其中油酸、棕榈油酸、棕榈酸含量相对较高,分别为34.572%、9.001%和5.876%。经测定,澳洲坚果油的酸价和过氧化值分别为0.4 mg/g、4.13 mmol/kg,符合我国食用油标准,甾醇、多酚和角鲨烯含量分别为0.24 g/100g、26.4μg/g和37.3 mg/100g,未检出叶绿素和维生素E。本研究结果可为后续开发澳洲坚果油产品提供一定的参考依据。The purpose of this study is to optimize the supercritical CO2 extraction process of macadamia nut oil,improve the yield and quality of macadamia nut oil,and provide reference for the development and utilization of macadamia nut oil products.Single factor experiment and response surface methodology were used to optimize the process of supercritical CO2 extraction of macadamia nut oil,and the fatty acid composition,polyphenols,squalene,sterol and other active components of hard macadamia nut oil under the optimal conditions were analyzed by GC/MS,Folin Ciocalteui and other national standard methods.The results showed that the influence degree of each factor was as follows:extraction temperature(A)>extraction pressure(B)>extraction time(C);AB,AC and BC had no significant effect on the yield of macadamia nut oil in the interaction terms.The effect of AB,AC and BC on the yield of macadamia nut oil was AC>BC>AB.The optimum process conditions of Macadamia nut oil obtained by response surface methodology were as follows:the extraction temperature was 51℃,the pressure was 28 MPa,and the extraction time was 2.6 h.Under this condition,the theoretical predicted yield of Macadamia nut oil was 73.35%,and the actual yield was 72.55%.The theoretical predicted value was basically consistent with the actual measured value.Macadamia nut oil was analyzed by GC/MS and 13 fatty acids were identified,among which oleic acid,palmitoleic acid and palmitic acid were relatively high,34.572%,9.001%and 5.876%respectively.The acid value and peroxide value of macadamia nut oil are 0.4 mg/g and 4.13 mmol/kg respectively,which meet the Chinese edible oil standard.The content of sterol,polyphenol and squalene is 0.24 g/100g and 26.4 respectivelyμG/g and 37.3 mg/100g.Chlorophyll and vitamin E were not detected.The results of this study can provide some reference for the subsequent development of macadamia nut oil products.

关 键 词：澳洲坚果油 超临界CO2萃取 响应面试验 品质分析 

分 类 号：R15[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]