非洲马瘟暴发的情境分析与防控对策  

Scenario Analysis and Countermeasures of African Horse Sickness Outbreak

作　　者：徐天刚[1,2] 张锋 左媛媛 迟田英[1] 王淑娟[1] 王志亮[1] Xu Tiangang;Zhang Feng;Zuo Yuanyuan;Chi Tianying;Wang Shujuan;Wang Zhiliang(China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center,Qingdao,Shandong 266032,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control(South China),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qingdao,Shandong 266032,China)

机构地区：[1]中国动物卫生与流行病学中心,山东青岛266032 [2]农业农村部动物生物安全风险预警及防控重点实验室(南方),山东青岛266032

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2023年第12期59-67,共9页China Animal Health Inspection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1800500)。

摘　　要：非洲马瘟(African horse sick,AHS)是一种由库蠓叮咬马科动物传播的虫媒病毒病,可造成严重动物福利问题和产业经济影响。该病过去主要在撒哈拉以南的非洲国家或地区呈地方流行,2020年泰国首次报道发生。鉴于类似虫媒疫病(特别是反刍动物蓝舌病)的全球分布正在不断扩大,AHS跨境传播和流行的风险日益增加。在评估AHS传入风险时应重点考虑已知媒介物种的分布变化、本地媒介物种的潜在作用、病毒通过脊椎动物宿主传播、病毒通过媒介昆虫移动传播以及疫苗株毒力返强等问题。一旦发现病毒传入,应尽快采取淘汰病马、追踪动物、免疫疫苗、阻断媒介与宿主间循环等措施。为保护马产业健康发展,应重点调查特定库蠓传播AHS的媒介能力,建立标准化马科动物移动数据库使疫病建模更为准确,开发更加有效和实用的防治方法使动物免于被叮咬,并考虑建立符合世界动物卫生组织(WOAH)认可标准的疫苗库。本文通过综述AHS在无疫国家或地区可能发生的情境以及西方发达国家的防控经验和应对措施,以期为我国兽医管理和技术人员、马科动物相关行业从业人员提供一定的借鉴。African horse sickness(AHS)is an arboviral disease transmitted through biting by Culicoides on equine animals,which can cause serious problems involving animal welfare and affect the industrial economy.The disease,mainly endemic in countries or regions in sub-Saharan Africa in the past,was firstly reported in Thailand in 2020.Considering rapid change of global distribution of similar arboviral diseases(especially bluetongue in ruminants),the risk of transboundary spread and prevalence of AHS is increasing.Changes in the distribution of vector species,potential substitution of native vector species,virus transmission through vertebrate hosts and movement of vector insects,vaccine strains and other relevant issues should be focused when the entry risk of AHS is evaluated.The measures including culling sick horses,tracing equine animals,vaccination and interrupting vector-host circulation should be timely taken once any entry of virus is confirmed.To protect the health of the equine industry,focus should be placed on the investigations of the AHSV vector competence of certain Culicoides species,the establishment of a standardized equine movement database for accurate disease modelling,the development of more effective and practical methods to prevent blood-feeding by Culicoides on horses,and the development of a vaccine bank that meets the World Organization for Animal Health(WOAH)standards.In the paper,the possible occurrence scenario of AHS in AHS-free countries or regions,as well as the experience of prevention and control and countermeasures of western developed countries were summarized,with a view to providing certain reference for the staff responsible for veterinary management and technicians as well as relevant operators in the industry related to equine animals.

关 键 词：非洲马瘟 虫媒病 库蠓 情境分析 

分 类 号：S852.65[农业科学—基础兽医学]