我国国家级专精特新“小巨人”企业科技创新效率评价及其分五大城市群的创新效率对比  

Evaluation of Scientific and Technological Innovation Efficiency of National Specialized and Sophisticated"Little Giant"Firms and and Its Comparison of Five Urban Agglomerations

作　　者：王海花[1] 李树杰 王莹 龚燕燕 Wang Haihua;Li Shujie;Wang Ying;Gong Yanyan(School of Management,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学管理学院,上海200444

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2023年第20期65-74,共10页Science and Technology Management Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“数字化与创新绩效的关系研究”(21FGLB024);国家社会科学基金重大项目“聚焦关键核心技术突破的国家创新体系研究”(21&ZD130);上海市“科技创新行动计划”软科学重点项目“长三角科技创新券通用通兑的实施效果、关键瓶颈与政策建议”(22692104100)。

摘　　要：从细分创新过程角度进一步对科技创新活动呈现“高投入、高产出”特征的专精特新“小巨人”企业的实际创新效率进行研究。基于企业创新价值链视角,将科技创新过程划分为技术研发过程和成果转化过程,以167家国家级专精特新“小巨人”上市企业为研究对象,采用三阶段DEA模型对其2016—2021年科技创新效率进行评价;此外,考虑到八成研究对象分属五大城市群,进一步按五大城市群分类进行企业创新效率对比分析。结果表明:我国国家级专精特新“小巨人”企业的科技创新效率整体不高,两个过程的规模效率与综合效率变动方向一致,但技术研发过程的综合效率明显低于成果转化过程,其中规模效率较低成为制约企业科技创新高质量发展的关键因素,特别是市场规模与创新能力不匹配是导致创新效率不高的主要原因;五大城市群专精特新“小巨人”企业的科技创新效率整体呈现上升趋势,不同城市群之间的差距逐渐缩小,其中长江中游城市群处于领先地位。From the perspective of innovation process,this paper further studies the actual innovation efficiency of specialized and sophisticated"little giant"firms whose technological innovation activities are characterized by"high input and high output".Based on the perspective of enterprise innovation value chain,it divides the process of technological innovation into the process of technology research and achievement transformation,takes 167"little giant"firms listed companies in China as research samples to evaluate their technological innovation efficiency from 2016 to 2021 by adopting three-stage DEA model.In addition,considering that 80%of the research subjects belong to five urban agglomerations,a comparative analysis of enterprise innovation efficiency is further conducted according to the five urban agglomerations.The results show that the overall technological innovation efficiency of"little giant"firms is not high,and the scale efficiency and comprehensive efficiency of the two processes are in the same direction,but the comprehensive efficiency of technology research process is obviously lower than that of achievement transformation process,in which the lower scale efficiency has become a key constraint on the high-quality development of technological innovation,especially,the mismatch between market size and innovation capacity is the main reason for the low innovation efficiency;the overall technological innovation efficiency of"little giant"firms in five urban agglomerations shows an upward trend,and the gap between different urban agglomerations is gradually narrowing,with the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the leading position.

关 键 词：专精特新“小巨人”企业 创新效率 技术研发 成果转化 效率评价 五大城市群 

分 类 号：F272.5[经济管理—企业管理] F224.2[经济管理—国民经济] G301[文化科学]