福柯的考古学与系谱学:理路、方法与知识意图  

Foucault's Archaeology and Genealogy:Approaches,Methods,and Intellectual Intentions

作　　者：朱振明[1] Zhu Zhenming

机构地区：[1]中国传媒大学传播研究院

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（外国哲学）》2023年第12期55-66,共12页FOREIGN PHILOSOPHY

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“西方国家主要政党涉华传播话语体系研究”(22&ZD320)阶段性研究成果;中国传媒大学校级科研项目“百年变局下人类命运共同体理念全球传播策略研究”(CUC23CGJ19)科研成果。

摘　　要：福柯的考古学和系谱学是当下社会人文科学研究的重要理论和方法来源之一。考古学和系谱学不但要分析西方人过去被合理化的形式和实践,而且试图超越这种合理化限制以生产新的主体。考古学指向当下,关注的是有关主体话语形成的“历史先验”与形成规则,即有关作为“认识对象”的主体(如正常/非正常)分散在不同的知识领域中被客体化的话语表征;系谱学则事关知识对象的历史性,是为了让西方人隶属的话语体制和权力形态成为研究的问题,使主体建构在话语(或知识)与权力的互动关系中显现出来。考古学和系谱学的知识意图旨在勾勒西方社会中“非超验”主体的存在表征和借助话语与权力来加以实现的生成机制。它们以“非连续性”和“非超验主体”为特征的“普通历史观”取代基于“超验主体”之上的传统的“整体历史观”,为当下社会人文科学研究提供新的知识和阐释框架。As important reference frame of modern human and social studies,Foucault's archaeology and gene-alogy not only analyze the rationalized forms and practices of people's past,but also attempts to go beyond this ratio-nalization to produce new subjects.Foucault's archaeology points to the present,focusing on the"historical a priori"and formational rules about the discourse on subjects,that is,the discursive subject(e.g.,normal/abnormal)as refer-ential of"objects of knowledge"is scattered in different fields of knowledge.The genealogy is concerned with the his-toricity of knowledge objects in order to problematize the discursive regime and the power configuration which belong to the western society and furthermore to demonstrate the non-transcendental subject-building mechanism.Both in-tend to expose how people have become what they are today,and meanwhile,the replacement of the"global history"by the"general history",characterized by"non-continuity"and"non-transcendental subject",provides new intellec-tual,cognitive forms,and certainly new theoretical references for current social and human research.

关 键 词：考古学和系谱学 历史先验 话语与权力 主体建构 

分 类 号：B565.59[哲学宗教—外国哲学]