福州市城乡老年人膳食结构与血脂异常研究  

Study on dietary structure and chronic diseases of the elderly in urban and rural areas in Fuzhou City

作　　者：王晶[1] 施欢欢 李文静 张晓阳[1,2] 徐幽琼[1,2] WANG Jing;SHI Huanhuan;LI Wenjing;ZHANG Xiaoyang;XU Youqiong(Department of Endemic and Chronic Diseases,Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Fuzhou Fujian,350004,China;School of Public Health,Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou Fujian,350122,China)

机构地区：[1]福州市疾病预防控制中心地方病与慢性病防治科,福建福州350004 [2]福建医科大学公共卫生学院,福建福州350122

出　　处：《职业与健康》2023年第21期2886-2891,2896,共7页Occupation and Health

基　　金：福州市科技计划项目(2022-S-032)。

摘　　要：目的了解福州市城乡老年人膳食结构差异及对健康的影响,分析影响血脂异常相关因素。方法2019—2020年采用与人口规模比例的概率抽样法(probability proportionate to size sampling,PPS),共抽取3个调查点18个镇(街)54个行政村(居委会)的≥60岁常住居民2844人开展3 d×24 h膳食回顾及称重法调查。结果抽取城区晋安区980人、中小城市福清市970人、农村闽清县894人。福州市城乡老年人在年龄、文化程度、家庭年人均收入方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。与推荐值相比,3个调查点的盐糖、能量、脂肪、维生素E、钠、锰、碘摄入量均高于推荐值,而水果类、奶类、维生素A、B1、B2、钙、钾、镁摄入量均低于推荐值。3个调查点老年人在不同食物、三大产能营养素、维生素、矿物质摄入量比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01),其中农村老年人水果类、动物性食物、大豆坚果类、奶类摄入量、蛋白质、维生素C、锌、硒摄入量较低而城区老年人血脂异常、超重肥胖率较高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素回归分析显示,城区的男性、大专及以上、中心性肥胖、有高血压病史、脂肪>70 g/d、油>25 g/d和中小城市的男性、年龄60~<70岁、体质指数≥28 kg/m^(2)、脂肪>70 g/d及农村的小学及以下文化程度、中心性肥胖、脂肪>70 g/d、动物性食品>200 g/d均与血脂异常呈正相关,城区老年人的蔬菜类摄入量>500 g/d、中小城市的水果类摄入量>350 g/d及农村老年人的水果类摄入量>350 g/d、大豆类及坚果>35 g/d、奶类>500 g/d与血脂异常呈负相关。结论福州市老年人膳食结构不合理,血脂异常、超重肥胖患病率较高,血脂异常与性别、肥胖、高血压病史及食物摄入不合理有关。Objective To understand the difference in dietary structure between urban and rural elderly people in Fuzhou City and its impact on health,and analyze the related factors affecting dyslipidemia.Methods From 2019 to 2020,the proportional to population size(PPS)sampling method was adopted,a total of 54 administrative villages(neighborhood committees)in 18 towns(streets)from three survey sites were selected,and totally 2844 permanent residents aged≥60 years old were collected to perform a 3 d×24 h dietary review and weighing method survey.Results There were 980 people from Jin'an District in urban area,970 people from Fuqing City in small and medium-sized cities,and 894 people from Minqing County in rural areas.There were statistically significant differences in age,educational level,and annual per capita income between urban and rural elderly people in Fuzhou City(all P<0.01).Compared with the recommended values,the intakes of the elderly at the three survey sites were higher than the recommended values in terms of salt,sugar,energy,fat,vitamin E,sodium,manganese,and iodine,while lower in the intakes of fruits,milk,vitamin A,B1,B2,calcium,potassium,and magnesium.There were statistically significant differences in the intake of different foods,three major nutrients,vitamins and minerals among the elderly at the three survey sites(all P<0.01).Among them,the elderly in rural areas had lower intakes of fruits,animal foods,soybeans,nuts,milk,protein,vitamin C,zinc and selenium,while the elderly in urban areas had higher rates of dyslipidemia,overweight and obesity,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The multivariate regression analysis showed that males,college degree or above,central obesity,history of hypertension,fat>70 g/d,oil>25 g/d in urban area,and males,age of 60-<70 years old,body mass index≥28 kg/m^(2),fat>70 g/d in small and medium-sized cities,and primary school and below education,central obesity,fat>70 g/d,animal food>200 g/d in the rural area were positively correlated with

关 键 词：老年人 膳食结构 血脂异常 城乡差异 

分 类 号：R153.3[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]