再論原始佛教時期的“路綫鬥争”——所謂“提婆達多問題”  

Re-discussion on the“Line Struggle”in the Period of Primitive Buddbism:The So-called“Devadatta Problem”

作　　者：李春堯 Li Chunyao

机构地区：[1]廣州南方學院

出　　处：《佛教文化研究》2022年第1期298-315,404,412,413,共21页Studies of Buddhist Culture

基　　金：“中國博士後科學基金資助項目”第63批面上資助的階段性成果,資助編號2018M633294。

摘　　要：本文沿着季羨林先生的思路,繼續探討原始佛教時期“佛陀派”與“提婆達多派”的路綫分歧。本文認爲,提婆達多不是惡魔也不是菩薩,他衹是教派鬥争的失敗者。提婆達多所犯的“五逆罪”疑點甚多,難以盡信。“五邪法”是比較嚴苛的苦行主張,與佛教“正統”的“頭陀行”頗爲類似,雖然略顯偏激,但還不至於大逆不道。“佛陀派”與“提婆達多派”的“路綫分歧”,可以理解爲:他們有着不同的傳教理想,“佛陀派”傾向於“争取婆羅門”,“提婆達多派”傾向於“團結沙門”。提婆達多偏激、固執、一意孤行,這或許可以歸因於他的“釋迦族優越感”。但是,“激進派”通常難以獲得大多數的民衆支持,也難以獲得持續穩定的物質供養,這可能是“提婆達多派”銷聲匿迹的一個原因。The author follows Professor Ji Xianlin's train of thought to look into the sectarian strife between Shakyamuni and Devadatta in the history of early Buddhism.This paper believes that Devadatta was neither a demon nor a Bodhisattva.He was only a failure after the sectarian strife.Devadatta's“Five Hellish Sins”were very suspicious and could not be totally believed.“Five Improper Ways of Gain”advocated by Devadatta were strict views about ascetic practices.“Five Improper Ways of Gain”were similar to Dhuta practices advocated by orthodox Buddhist school.They were radical but not outrageous.The divergence between Shakyamuni and Devadatta can be understood as different religious ideals.Shakyamuni and his followers preferred to acquiring Brahmans but Devadatta and his followers preferred to acquiring Sramanas.Devadatta was radical and stubborn and went his own way.We may attribute Devadatta's characters and behaviors to his“superiority complex”as a member in the Shakya clan.However,“radical sect”could hardly command the support of most people,and could hardly gain lasting and steady material support.Maybe it was a reason of the disappearance of the sect of Devadatta.

关 键 词：原始佛教 佛陀 提婆達多 五邪法 路綫鬥争 

分 类 号：B94[哲学宗教—宗教学]