《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》的身份伪装叙事  

The Passing Narrative of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

作　　者：王欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学

出　　处：《外国语文研究（辑刊）》2023年第1期221-231,共11页

基　　金：江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目“乔治·吉辛作品中的城市书写研究”(KYCX22_0050)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：马克·吐温的代表作《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》采用身份伪装叙事,哈克在大河历险途中伪装成七种不同的身份,可分为三类:跨越性别界限的身份伪装、无名身份伪装和跨越阶层界限的伪装。在篇章结构上,身份伪装叙事始于哈克的“假死”,以跨越阶层的“复活”告终,贯穿上述三类变换,共同构成小说的叙事明线;而哈克对待杰姆态度的递进变化引发的良心危机则构成叙事暗线。吐温通过哈克的身份伪装叙事抨击了蓄奴制等畸形观念的残余,呼吁美好人性;揭露了美国19世纪70年代人们在虚伪的社会中被迫戴上伪装面具、丧失真实自我、缺乏恰当的身份认同的现实,表现出为国人寻求应对身份迷失之策的积极探索。为逃离文明社会,哈克最终选择流浪,这一身份的不确定性又融合了吐温的矛盾思想。Mark Twain adopts a strategy of passing narrative in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Huck assumes seven different disguised identities during his adventure along the Mississippi River.In terms of types,they can be categorized into cross-gender disguise,anonymous disguise and cross-class disguise.In terms of the novel's structure the passing narrative commences with Huck's“fake death”and ends with his“being reborn”,his performed identities running through the process.Meanwhile,the hidden narrative movement paralleling the linear narrative of Huck's disguised identities is his struggle with a conscience crisis caused by changing attitudes toward Jim.Through the passing narrative,Twain intends to criticize the twisted legacy of slavery,appeal for the goodness of human nature,and expose the social reality in the 1870s of America that people were forced to wear disguised masks confronted with the hypocrisy of society and thus lost themselves,lacking proper recognition of identity.Twain exhibits efforts to seek solutions to the identity loss of Americans.Huck ultimately chooses to lead a vagrant life to escape civilization.The continuing instability of Huck's identity implies Twain's dilemma.

关 键 词：《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》 身份伪装叙事 良心危机 身份认同 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]