秋季额木尔河江鳕的摄食生态  

Feeding Ecology of Burbot Lota lota in Emuer River in Autumn

作　　者：邵慧丽 张泽鹏 金洪宇 迟淼 邢悦 李慎辉 李雷[1,2] SHAO Huili;ZHANG Zepeng;JIN Hongyu;CHI Miao;XING Yue;LI Shenhui;LI Lei(Heilongjiang River Basin Fishery Resources and Environment Scientific Observation and Experiment Station,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Harbin 150070,China;Fuyuan Observation and Experimental Station of National Fishery Resources and Environment,Harbin 150070,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,农业农村部黑龙江流域渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [2]国家渔业资源环境抚远观测实验站,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [3]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2023年第6期101-108,共8页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：农业农村部政府购买服务项目(17220247);黑龙江省博士后科研启动金项目(LBH-Q21200).

摘　　要：2022年10月,用网目1~3cm的定置刺网和网目4.0mm的地笼在额木尔河流域捕获148尾江鳕(Lota lota),体长107.0~372.0mm,体质量8.91~372.36g。取其胃含物进行食性鉴定,采用传统胃含物分析法,通过质量百分比、数量百分比、出现频率和相对重要性指数等指标,分析江鳕的食物组成和摄食强度,及其随体长和空间变化特征,为江鳕的资源保护提供参考。结果表明,额木尔河江鳕主要以鱼类、水生昆虫和甲壳类等食物类群为食。江鳕的食物组成随着体长的增加食性明显转换,鱼类的质量百分比逐渐增加,水生昆虫质量百分比逐渐减少。不同体长的江鳕平均饱满指数和空胃率均未随体长而显著变化(P>0.05)。额木尔河流域江鳕的食物组成在空间分布上未出现明显的食性转换,不同空间的平均饱满指数(P>0.05)和空胃率(P>0.05)差异不显著。Food composition and feeding intensity were investigated in 148 samples of burbot Lota lota caught by disposed gill nets with mesh from 1 cm to 3 cm and traps with mesh of 4.0 mm in Emuer River in October 2022 for analysis of stomach food items,in-cluding mass percentage,quantity percentage,frequency of occurrence and index of relative importance and for understanding of the changes in feeding variation characteristics with body length and location to the conservation of burbot stocks.The results showed that burbot primarily fed on fish,aquatic insects,crustaceans and other food items.The burbot had obvious feeding conversion with the body length growth,with increase in the mass percentage of food fish gradually,while decrease in the mass percentage of aquatic in-sects gradually.There were no significant changes in mean fllness index(P>0.05)and empty stomach rate(P>0.05)in different body length groups with body length growth.The burbot had no significant change in feeding habit in different location,without signif-icant differences in mean fullness index(P>0.05)and empty stomach rate(P>0.05)in burbot in different location.

关 键 词：额木尔河 江鳕 食物组成 摄食强度 体长 空间 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源] S965.321[农业科学—水产科学]