“符号—凝视—镜像”视域下名山景观探赜:以浙江乍浦九山为例  

Exploring the Landscape of Famous Mountains in the Field of"Symbol-Gaze-Mirror":A Case of Zhapu Nine Mountains in Zhejiang Province

作　　者：唐晓岚[1,2] 宋天锐 TANG Xiaolan;SONG Tianrui(College of Landscape Architecture,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing,Jiangsu,China,210037;NFU Academy of Chinese Ecological Progress and Forestry Development Studies,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing,Jiangsu,China,210037)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学风景园林学院,南京210037 [2]南京林业大学中国特色生态文明建设与林业发展研究院,南京210037

出　　处：《园林》2024年第1期85-92,共8页Landscape Architecture Academic Journal

基　　金：2022年教育部人文社会科学研究项目“江南历史名山明清史志的图像学研究”(编号:2022YJA760075);2021年国家林业和草原局林业遗产与森林环境史研究中心项目“江浙地区风景名山史志整理与研究”(编号:2021LYYB02);中国学位与研究生教育学会农林学科工作委员会2019年研究生教育管理课题“林业院校国家公园与自然保护地研究方向的研究生知识结构与专业课程设置探索”(编号:2019-NLZX-ZD15);南京林业大学国家公园与保护地研究中心研究项目“中国国家公园环境教育体系实证分析及优化对策研究”(编号:2020NPB01)。

摘　　要：当前名山风景区得到普遍开发,本应先于规划设计的名山形象认知却鲜有提及,这难免会出现脱离景观认知本质的人为景观涌现的现象。故引入镜像理论、凝视理论以及符号学等相关哲学理论,建构一套主体对于山水景观审美的SGM认知方法论体系。其步骤共分为符号收集、凝视、符号再生产、形象塑造以及镜像功能,旨在对景观现象的本质进行解构与再认知,为名山景观的规划与设计打下理论基础。选取最能体现名山形象建构的山水诗文作为数据源,以描述浙江省内乍浦9座山体的《乍浦九山补志》作为具体分析对象,利用文本分析软件ROST CM6进行词频分析、社会网络与语义网络分析,发现乍浦九山景观以自然资源为基底,辅以龙祠祷雨以及天妃妈祖的在地文化特质;并通过该方法论体系得到乍浦九山“风景名胜”“祷雨胜地”“文学胜地”“隐居处所”的名山形象。总结得出主体山水景观审美的SGM认知方法论的可行性与可验性,为名山形象乃至景观本质的研究提供了全新的视角与可验的方法,为后续名山景观的认知研究打下基础。In the contemporary development of famous mountain scenic spots,the aspect of pre-planned and designed image cognition for these iconic mountains is frequently overlooked,resulting in the emergence of artificial landscapes that often deviate from the true essence of landscape appreciation.Hence,the research group incorporates philosophical concepts such as mirror theory,gaze theory,and semiotics to establish a comprehensive methodological framework for the aesthetic reevaluation of landscapes by individuals.These steps are categorized into symbol collection,gaze analysis,symbol reproduction,image composition,and mirror function utilization.The objective is to deconstruct and reimagine the essence of landscape phenomena,ultimately providing a theoretical underpinning for the planning and design of renowned mountain landscapes.The research group employs landscape poems as the primary data source,carefully chosen to best exemplify the portrayal of famous mountains.It focuses its analysis on the nine mountains located in Zhapu,Zhejang Province.Utilizing text analysis sofware,ROST CM6,the study conducts word frequency analysis,social network analysis,and semantic network analysis.The findings reveal that the landscape of the nine mountains in Zhapu primarily draws from natural elements,complemented by the Dragon Shrine Prayer for Rain and the distinctive cultural attributes associated with Tianfei Mazu.By employing this methodological framework,we have delineated the images of nine mountains in Zhapu as"scenic spot""rain prayer resort""literary retreat"and"hermitage",representing distinct facets of its fame.This underscores the feasibility and empirical validation of our approach towards aesthetic SGM-cognition of key landscapes.It offers a fresh and verifiable perspective for researching famous mountain images and,more broadly,the essence of landscapes.Moreover,it establishes a foundational basis for subsequent cognitive research in the realm of famous mountains landscapes.

关 键 词：名山景观 镜像理论 凝视 符号学 SGM认知体系 山水诗文 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]