基于三维扫描及3D打印的文物数字化保存与逆向修复技术研究与应用  

Research and Application of Digital Preservation and Reverse Restoration Technology for Cultural Relics Based on 3D Scanning and 3D Printing

作　　者：姜宽舒 于泓[1,2] 宋元山 孟德伟 丁皓 何成勇 Jiang Kuanshu;Yu Hong;Song Yuanshan;Meng Dewei;Ding Hao;He Chengyong(Jiangsu Agricultural and Forestry Vocational and Technical College,Jurong,China;Jiangsu Modern Agricultural Equipment Engineering Center,Jurong,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏农林职业技术学院,江苏句容 [2]江苏省现代农业装备工程中心,江苏句容

出　　处：《科学技术创新》2024年第2期17-23,共7页Scientific and Technological Innovation

基　　金：江苏农林职业技术学院科技项目(编号:2021kj65);江苏省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(编号:202113103022Y)、(编号:202113103082Y);江苏省高校优秀科技创新团队资助。

摘　　要：基于三维扫描和逆向工程技术,在分析定位和扫描原理的基础上,使用结构光三维扫描仪对文物(古铜环)表面进行激光扫描,获取文物的结构点云数据,实现文物的数字化保存。通过点云处理软件Geomagic Wrap和逆向工程软件Geomagic Design X对文物进行逆向建模,并将逆向建模的古铜环实体和三维扫描设备采集的原始点云数据进行最佳拟合状态下的体偏差检测,校核逆向建模的精度和尺寸偏差离散性。通过3D和2D的偏差检测云图显示,古铜环逆向建模的平均偏差为-0.4217 mm~0.3328 mm,标准偏差为0.4460 mm。尺寸偏差大部分处于±0.2 mm之间,逆向建模精度符合要求。同时对逆向建模的古铜环进行3D打印,实现文物仿真建模修复。本文以三维扫描与逆向修复古铜环为例,研究三维扫描和3D打印技术在文物保护领域的应用,为文物的数字化保存展示和仿真修复提供理论和实践参考。Based on the analysis of positioning and scanning principles using 3D scanning and reverse engineering technology,a structured light 3D scanner is used to laser scan the surface of cultural relics(ancient copper rings),obtain structural point cloud data of cultural relics,and achieve digital preservation of cultural relics.Using point cloud processing software Geomagic Wrap and reverse engineering software Geomagic Design X,the cultural relics were reverse modeled,and the original point cloud data collected by the reverse modeled ancient copper ring entity and 3D scanning equipment were subjected to volume deviation detection in the best fit state to verify the accuracy and size deviation dispersion of reverse modeling.According to the deviation detection cloud images in 3D and 2D,the average deviation of reverse modeling of ancient copper rings is-0.4217 mm~0.3328 mm,and the standard deviation is 0.4460 mm.The size deviation is mostly between±0.2 mm,and the accuracy of reverse modeling meets the requirements.At the same time,3D printing is performed on the reverse modeled ancient copper ring to achieve cultural relic simulation modeling and restoration.This article takes 3D scanning and reverse restoration of ancient copper rings as an example to study the application of 3D scanning and 3D printing technology in the field of cultural relics protection,providing theoretical and practical references for the digital preservation,display,and simulation restoration of cultural relics.

关 键 词：三维扫描 文物保护 3D打印 逆向修复 

分 类 号：TP391.7[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术] G264.3[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]