出土文献视域下的二十四节气形成史--以清华简、北大汉简、银雀山汉简、胡家草场汉简中的节气类文献为中心  

Formation History of the Twenty-Four Solar Terms from the Perspective of Unearthed Literature

作　　者：夏虞南 Xia Yunan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院古代史研究所

出　　处：《农业考古》2023年第6期55-67,共13页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：2022年度北京市宣传文化引导基金项目“二十四节气的起源与传承:从传世经典与出土文献新证”(项目编号:P222010019)的阶段性成果;“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”古代史所博士后科研项目“从清华简出发的西周史再探”的支持。

摘　　要：清华简、北大汉简和胡家草场汉简等新出文献为研究节气系统的形成过程提供了新材料。经过与传世节气类文献对读、排谱,可复原“八节”“十二节”到二十四节气的逐渐形成过程。“八节”虽是二十四节气的结构性因素,但中气“四时”才是四时令的基础、十二月令的中绳。先有十二中气,方才逐渐明确十二节气,最终合成二十四节气。二十四节气的雏形可追溯到战国时期,迟至两汉此系统已完全定型,节气次序虽有调整,但其名称、系统结构相对稳定,并长时使用。The newly unearthed bamboo manuscripts from Tsinghua University,Peking University,Yinqueshan and Hujiacaochang provide a new viewpoint to study the formation process of solar term system.Based on solar-terms texts’review and arrangement,the gradual formation process of eight solar terms,twelve solar terms and the twenty-four solar terms can be discovered.Although the eight solar terms were the structural factor of the twenty-four solar terms,the four-season concept of Zhongqi was the basis of the four-season philosophy and the standard of the twelve-month concept.The twelve Zhongqi formed at first,and then gradually the twelve solar terms developed,and they finally synthesized the twenty-four solar terms.The embryonic form of the twenty-four solar terms can be traced back to the Warring States Period.Till the Han Dynasty,the system had been fully established.Although the order inside the solar terms were adjusted,its name and structure were relatively stable and had been used for a long time.

关 键 词：清华简《八气五味五祀五行之属》 北大汉简《节》 八节 节气 二十四节气 

分 类 号：K23[历史地理—历史学]