疾病与社会:马克思文本中的医学隐喻  

Disease and Society:Medical Metaphors in Marx’s Texts

作　　者：谭兴林 刘若澜 TAN Xing-lin;LIU Ruo-lan

机构地区：[1]武汉大学马克思主义学院,湖北武汉430064

出　　处：《华侨大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第1期17-27,共11页Journal of Huaqiao University(Philosophy & Social Sciences)

摘　　要：医学隐喻既是贯穿马克思思想史的独特阐述方式,也是表征马克思思想本义的关键载体。立足医学隐喻传统及社会有机体认知,马克思构塑了完备的医学隐喻体系,运用“瘟疫”“寒热病”等疾病类词汇喻指普鲁士社会制度、德国观念论、英国政治经济学等社会理论与现实问题,运用“金鸡霜”“解剖刀”等药物类、治疗工具类词汇喻指对社会问题或意识形态式的、或暂时的、或彻底的解决方案,藉此,马克思对封建制度、资本主义社会、人类历史等进行了深入反思。通过政治经济学研究,马克思笔下的医学隐喻从一种隐晦表达的思想修辞“进化”为成熟的社会医学观,基于工人阶级疾病问题分析,马克思以医学领域之面映射资本主义社会之体,为无产阶级指明解放道路,强调通过开展阶级斗争彻底消灭私有制,不仅在社会医学方面能够改善“工人病”产生的恶劣环境,更为每个人的自由而全面发展提供健康的身心条件。The medical metaphor is both a unique way of elucidation that runs through the history of Marxist thought and an important carrier for characterizing the original meaning of Marxist thought.Based on the medical metaphor and socialcognition,Marx constructed a complete system of medical metaphor,using wordsof disease like“plague”and“fever”to refer to social theories and practical problems such as the Prussian social system,German ideology,and British political economy,and using words of drug and therapeutic tool like“golden chicken cream”and“scalpel”to refer to temporary,or thorough solutions to social problems or ideological problems,thereby reflecting deeply on feudal system,capitalist society,and human history.Through the study of political economy,the medical metaphor in Marx’s writings has evolved from a vague expression of ideological rhetoric to a mature view of social medicine.Based on the analysis of the problem of working-class diseases,Marx used the medical field to refer to the capitalist society,pointing out the way of liberation for the proletariat,emphasizing that the complete elimination of private ownership through class struggle could not only improve the poor environment in which the“workers’diseases”arose,but also provide healthy physical and mental conditions for the free and comprehensive development of everyone.

关 键 词：马克思 医学隐喻 社会问题 社会医学观 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] R-05[医药卫生]