可翻译环状RNA在肿瘤中的研究进展  

Research Progress of Translatable Circular RNAs in Cancers

作　　者：苏文君 杨柳 Su Wenjun;Yang Liu(Biological Experimental Center,Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University(i.e.the First Hospital of Kunming),Kunming 65001l,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明医科大学附属甘美医院/昆明市第一人民医院医学生物学实验中心,昆明650011

出　　处：《肿瘤预防与治疗》2023年第12期1053-1060,共8页Journal of Cancer Control And Treatment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:81860413);昆明市“春城青年拔尖人才”专项(编号:C202014005)。

摘　　要：环状RNA (circular RNAs, circRNAs)是一类含共价闭合环的内源性非编码RNA,有别于同一基因转录的线性转录本,具有其独立的功能。circRNA由顺式调控元件和反式因子调控的“反向剪接”过程产生,闭合环状结构使其不容易被外切酶降解而具有高度保守性,circRNA可通过调控基因转录、充当miRNA分子海绵、与RNA结合蛋白相互作用等方式发挥重要生物学功能。近年研究显示部分circRNA在细胞内可被有效地翻译为多肽,这对我们探索circRNA在疾病中的作用有了新的启发。在circRNA序列中,开放阅读框、N6-甲基腺苷修饰以及内部核糖体“进入位点”的存在表明了其通过非帽依赖的翻译起始机制进行编码蛋白的潜力。本文对circRNA可能的翻译机制以及circRNA编码的蛋白在肿瘤发生发展中的作用进行综述,以期为肿瘤诊断、治疗提供参考。Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs with covalently closed-loop structures,which function independently and are distinguishable from the linear transcripts of the same gene.CircRNAs are generated through back-splicing regulated by cis-regulatory elements and trans-acting factors.The closed-loop structures contribute to their high conservativeness due to resistance to degradation by exonucleases.CircRNAs can play an important biological role through regulating gene transcription,serving as a molecular sponge for miRNAs,and interacting with RNA-binding proteins.Recent studies have shown that certain circRNAs can be effectively translated into polypeptides in cells,which inspires new ideas for exploring the roles of circRNAs in diseases.In circRNA sequences,open reading frames,N6-methyladenosine modification and internal ribosomal entry sites indicate their protein-encoding potential through a cap-independent translation initiation mechanism.In conclusion,this study reviews the possible translation mechanism of circRNAs and the roles of circRNA-encoded proteins in the occurrence and development of cancers,offering reliable rationale for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

关 键 词：环状RNA 翻译功能/机制 肿瘤 

分 类 号：R730.1[医药卫生—肿瘤]