边界层紊流中典型气动外形低矮建筑风压特性研究  

Study on the Wind Pressure Characteristics of Low⁃Rise Buildings with Typical Aerodynamic Shapes in Boundary Layer Turbulence

作　　者：张蒙 ZHANG Meng(The 1st Engineering Co.,Ltd.of China Railway Urban Construction Group,Taiyuan Shanxi 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁城建集团第一工程有限公司,山西太原030024

出　　处：《铁道建筑技术》2023年第12期24-28,共5页Railway Construction Technology

基　　金：中铁城建集团有限公司科技研究开发(ZTCJZ2022⁃08)。

摘　　要：通过低矮建筑刚性模型测压试验,研究边界层紊流作用下低矮建筑气动外形特征、来流风向等因素对其风压分布及三维绕流特性的影响,并尝试总结不同气动外形低矮建筑风压特性的一般性规律。基于测压试验和已有研究结论,给出典型来流风向下屋盖表面风压分布和分区体型系数结果,定性分析低矮建筑复杂三维绕流特性,并进一步探讨曲面和直线型外轮廓低矮建筑非定常气动力与流体分离再附、旋涡脱落等流动现象之间的内在关联。结果表明:近地边界层紊流干扰下,低矮建筑表面风压分布规律复杂且影响因素较多,目前还难以定量给出广泛通用的定量分析结果;试验研究所选择的2类低矮建筑外形有一定代表性,总结发现气动外形差异是引起低矮建筑风压特性复杂多变的控制性因素之一,若屋盖表面平缓连续且无外形突变,其风压分布相对较均匀,但如有拐角、挑檐和脊线等外形突变情形,则该位置会出现一定范围的较大值负压区,并可能在局部区域取得极大值体型系数。Through the rigid model pressure test of low buildings,the influence of factors such as aerodynamic shape characteristics and incoming wind direction on the wind pressure distribution and three⁃dimensional flow characteristics of low⁃rise buildings under the action of boundary layer turbulence is studied,and the general law of wind pressure characteristics of low⁃rise buildings with different aerodynamic shapes is tried to be summarized.Based on the pressure test and the results of previous studies,the wind pressure distribution and zonal shape coefficient of typical incoming wind down the roof surface are given.The complex three⁃dimensional flow characteristics of low⁃rise buildings are qualitatively analyzed,and the internal relationship between unsteady aerodynamic forces,fluid separation and reattached,vortex shedding and other flow phenomena of low⁃rise buildings with curved and linear external profiles is further discussed.The results show that the distribution of wind pressure on the surface of low⁃rise buildings under the disturbance of near⁃earth boundary layer turbulence is complicated and there are many influencing factors,so it is difficult to give the widely used quantitative analysis results.The shape of the two types of low⁃rise buildings selected in the experimental research is representative,and it is concluded that the difference of aerodynamic shape is one of the controlling factors causing the complex and variable wind pressure characteristics of low⁃rise buildings.If the roof surface is flat and continuous without shape mutation,its wind pressure distribution is relatively uniform,but if there are shape mutation of corners,overeaves and ridges,there will be a large negative pressure area in a certain range,and it may obtain a maximum shape coefficient in a local area.

关 键 词：低矮建筑 风压特性 气动外形 边界层紊流 风洞试验 

分 类 号：TU317.1[建筑科学—结构工程] TU312.1