家庭与幼儿园情境中的幼儿社会技能:影响因素的情境一致性和特异性研究  

Social Skills of Preschool Children at Home and in the Kindergarten:Situational Consistency and Specificity of Influential Factors

作　　者：罗芮 杨静 陈福美 玄新 王耘[1] LUO Rui;YANG Jing;CHEN Fumei;XUAN Xin;WANG Yun(State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875;Faculty of Psychology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875;Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875;Asia Pacific Experimental School of Beijing Normal University,Beijing 102209)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学心理学部,北京100875 [3]北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心,北京100875 [4]北京师范大学亚太实验学校,北京102209

出　　处：《早期儿童发展》2023年第4期14-25,共12页Early Childhood Development

摘　　要：儿童的社会技能是其进行社会交往和适应社会生活的重要基础,并影响其学业成就、心理健康,乃至未来的职业发展。探讨儿童期的社会技能发展与促进具有重要价值。本研究以2148名幼儿为研究对象,以幼儿家庭和幼儿园情境中的社会技能为出发点,系统考察了幼儿个体因素、家庭因素、幼儿园因素对两种情境下的社会技能的预测作用。结果发现,性别、年级、气质趋避性以及母子亲密对家庭、幼儿园情境下的社会技能均具有显著正向预测作用,表现出情境的一致性;节律性、适应度、家庭年教育支出、父子亲密、父子冲突、母子冲突仅对家庭情境下的社会技能具有显著预测作用,师幼亲密、师幼依赖、师幼冲突仅对幼儿园情境下的社会技能具有显著预测作用,表现出情境的特异性。Social skills influence one’s academic achievement,mental health,and even vocational domains of functioning.In the present study,we investigated 2,148 preschoolers to examine how individual,family,and school factors influence social skills in two environments,namely,at the kindergarten and in the home.The major findings of the present study were as follows:Gender,grade,approach/withdrawal orientations,and mother-child closeness were consistent and positive predictors of social skills in both environments.However,rhythmicity,adaptability,annual home education expenditure,father-child closeness and conflict,and mother-child conflict were predictors of social skills at home,but not in the kindergarten.Teacherchild closeness,dependence,and conflict were predictors of soc ial skills in the kindergarten,but not in the home.

关 键 词：家庭情境 幼儿园情境 社会技能 影响因素 

分 类 号：G610[文化科学—学前教育学]