恢复高考后预选考试的出现与取消  

The Emergence and Abolishment of the Pre-selection Examinations after the Resumption of College Entrance Examination

作　　者：袁浪华 刘海峰 YUAN Langhua;LIU Haifeng(Faculty of Education,Jiangxi Science&Technology Normal University,Nanchang 330038,Jiangxi,China;College of Education,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]江西科技师范大学教育学部,江西南昌330038 [2]浙江大学教育学院/科举学与考试研究中心,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《复旦教育论坛》2023年第5期94-102,共9页Fudan Education Forum

基　　金：2020年度教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“高校考试招生改革引导学生德智体美劳全面发展研究”(20JZD050)。

摘　　要：高考预选考试是指对参加高考的考生预先进行的筛选考试,只有通过预选才能报名参加高考,是考生参加高考的资格考试,最初出现时间是1977年。高考预选可以减少参加高考的人数、减轻组织和实施高考的工作量。实行预选的省份通常按高考计划录取数的三至五倍确定预选数,指标分配问题和考试组织问题是高考预选面临的两大问题。预选制度的推行是20世纪80年代高考报名人数下降和录取率波动的主要原因。随着招生人数的扩大、报考人数的稳定、毕业会考的推行和招生条件的改善,预选制度逐渐失去了存在的必要,并最终退出了历史舞台。作为一种应急的权宜措施,高考预选考试制度的出现有其特定的历史背景,也曾起过积极的作用。办人民满意的高考和选拔拔尖创新人才是当前高考改革面临的两难问题,高考预选的过往能够为兼顾二者提供一些启示。The pre-selection examination refers to a preliminary screening test conducted for candidates prior to their participation in the college entrance examination.Only those who pass the pre-selection examination are eligible to register for the college entrance examination.Introduced in 1977,the pre-selection examination served as a qualification test for candidates to participate in the college entrance examination.It aimed to reduce the number of participants in the college entrance examination and alleviate the workload associated with organizing and implementing the exam.Provinces that implemented the pre-selection examination usually determined the number of candidates based on three to five times the planned enrollment in colleges.The pre-selection examination faced two major challenges:the allocation of quotas and the organization of the examination itself.Its implementation was the primary factor contributing to the decline in the number of college entrance examination applicants and the fluctuation of enrollment rates in the 1980s.However,with the expansion of enrollment,stabilization of applicant numbers,implementation of the graduation examination,and improvement of enrollment conditions,the pre-selection system gradually lost its necessity and eventually phased out.The emergence of the pre-selection system was a specific response to historical circumstances and played a positive role as a contingency measure.Considering the current challenges of making the college entrance examination satisfactory and selecting top innovative talents,the history of the pre-selection examination can provide valuable insights for addressing both issues simultaneously.

关 键 词：高考 预选考试 恢复高考 高考报名人数 争议 

分 类 号：G632.474[文化科学—教育学]