海洋通导一体化系统的发展与趋势  

Development and trends in marine integrated communication and navigation systems

作　　者：陈冠旭 刘经南[3] 刘焱雄 刘杨 李梦昊 CHEN Guanxu;LIU Jingnan;LIU Yanxiong;LIU Yang;LI Menghao(Ocean Geomatics Research Center,First Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Qingdao 266061,China;Key Laboratory of Oceanic Surveying and Mapping,Ministry of Natural Resources,Qingdao 266061,China;GNSS Research Center,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部第一海洋研究所海洋测绘研究中心,山东青岛266061 [2]自然资源部海洋测绘重点实验室,山东青岛266061 [3]武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《哈尔滨工程大学学报》2023年第11期1869-1882,共14页Journal of Harbin Engineering University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(42004030);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2022S03);山东省自然科学基金大科学装置项目(DKXZZ202206);崂山实验室科技创新项目(LSKJ202205102);国家重点研发计划(2020YFB0505805);山东省技术创新引导计划(2020YFB0505800);国家电网公司总部科技项目(5108-202218280A-2-325-XG).

摘　　要：随着万物互联智能时代的到来,需对通信与导航进行相互赋能,构建通导一体化的泛在网。面对水下通导技术分离发展的情况,本文梳理了水下通信和导航的发展脉络,发现:水声通信是水下远程通信的主要方式,但其效果远弱于陆基无线电通信,水下光学和电磁波通信能提供稳定的近程通信服务;水声导航技术是应用最广的水下导航技术,国外商业公司形成了系列化的产品,国内相关单位在关键技术指标上也实现了“并跑”。目前,中美日等国家/地区均在加速研究海洋通导一体化系统,取得了浅海试验组网成果、厘米级精度的大地测量成果、局部海域米级精度的导航成果以及中尺度海域千米级精度的定位成果,但尚未形成通导一体化的成熟体系。With the emergence of an intelligent era marked by the interconnection of all things,mutually empowering communication and navigation and creating a ubiquitous network that merges communication and navigation are im-perative.Encountered with the separate development of underwater communication and navigation systems,this paper presents a review of the development of these two technologies,demonstrating that underwater acoustic communication is the primary method for long-distance underwater communication,even though its performance is weaker than that of terrestrial wireless communication.Underwater optical and electromagnetic wave communications can offer stable short-range communication services.The underwater acoustic navigation technology is the most widely used underwa-ter navigation technology.Foreign commercial businesses have produced a series of products,while domestic ones have accomplished“keeping up”in key technical indicators.Presently,China,the United States,Japan,and other countries/regions are intensifying their research on marine integrated communication and navigation systems and have realized networking results in shallow waters,centimeter-level precision with seafloor geodesy,meter-level precision navigation in local waters,and kilometer-level precision positioning in medium-scale waters.However,a fully devel-oped marine integrated communication and navigation system has not yet been developed.

关 键 词：水下通信 水下导航 北斗系统 水声学 通导一体 电磁波 声波 海洋泛在网 

分 类 号：P229.2[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]